Introduzione al giocoAdvanced Civilization is a game of skill for two to eight players which covers the development of ancient civilizations from the invention of agriculture to the emergence of Rome as the dominant Mediterranean power - a span of almost 8,000 years. Each player leads a nation of peoples over a mapboard of the Mediterranean and Near East as they attempt to carve a niche for themselves and their culture.Although battles and territorial strategy are important, Advanced Civilization is not a war game because it is not won by battle or conquest. Instead, the object of play is to gain a level of overall advancement involving cultural, economic, political and religious factors. Conflicts which do arise result from rivalries and shortages of land rather than attempts to eliminate other players. Nomads, farmers, warriors, merchants, artisans, priests and citizens all have an essential part to play in the development of each nation's civilization. The player who most effectively balances these various outlooks will achieve the best balance and win the game.How To Join A Civilization Game1) accedere al sito Rol-Play Civ.2) Vai al margine sinistro; cliccare su "(rol) Civ".3) Click on the Game List icon in the upper menu bar. You will see three tabs at the top of your screen. Active will show all games you are currently playing. Click the name of the game to open that game. "Open" will display all games waiting for players, both new games and existing games waiting for a replacement. If it's an existing game, click the game's name to view the current status of the game, including the map, game history, and civilization advances purchased. Games that have not yet completed initial placement will not display anything.3.1) At the top of the Open Games screen, you will see a "Recommended Game". The site will pick one game where the other players' skill levels most closely match yours. This is a good way to find games in which you will not be over matched by competing against significantly better players.3.2) To avoid meta-gaming, the site will limit the number of games you can be in with the same people. You can not be in more than three (3) games with the same person. You will not be able to join any games they are in (or vice versa) until you either quit a game your playing them in, or the game ends. This list of players will be visible on the Open Games tab. You will not see any open games with those players.4) Go to the top right corner, you'll notice there are two drop down menus "Maximum Time Limit" and "Minimum Time Limit", those two control the minimum and maximum time you think a player should be allowed to wait until he enters his turn in the site. Right above those you have two selection boxes, "Join New Games?" is enabled by default and it means that once you are in the queue you will join new games as soon as they are created, "Join Games in Progress?" means that if selected you will be eligible to join a game in progress if a spot become available and you are in the player queue. Once you've made your selections click on the "Add me to the player queue!" button5) You're now in the player queue, a new game should appear in the center of this screen with your pick order number and your name next to it, once 8 players have joined the game you'll be able to start picking a nation to play with. You will also receive an e-mail once this happens and every time a new player joins a game.5.1) If a game has already been created by another player, but they are still in the Initial Placement phase and you have indicated that you can join new games, you will be added to this game instead of waiting for a new game to be created.5.2) You may also join a game by clicking on the "Game List" icon at the top of the menu bar on the Civ site, then "Open Once there, you will see all games that are waiting for players, both new games and existing games that need a replacement.6). The Completed game tab will show you all the games you have finished on the site. You may click on the game name to view the details of the game.How to Create a Civilization Game5. Opzioni di Gioco1. Accedere al sito Civ Rol-Play.2. Nell'angolo in alto a sinistra della barra dei menu, scegliere Elenco partite.3. On the Games page, click the Open tab.4. At the bottom of the screen, click the "Create a new game" button.The site will randomly generate a game name for you. You may keep that name, or replace it with one of your choosing.Choose the type of map you would like to play. "Advanced Civilization" is the standard map. "Central America" is a new map that uses the Civ Expansion rules, is currently in beta testing and only open to Premium subscribers (click on the Premium button at the top of the screen to learn more). Other map options will be listed here as they become available.Select the number of players in the game. Depending on the number you pick and the Game Type you've chosen, you may be asked to select which part of the map you want to play on.Allows to vary how many trade cards a player can keep. Standard rules are 8.Allows you to change the number of population tokens players start the game with. Suggested token numbers for various game sizes are listed in parentheses.Specifies the amount of time each player has for their turn.5.6.1 Players going first in each phase are usually given a bit more time to finish their moves before timing out. Generally, it's 1.5x the time limit (ex. 36 hours to expand your population, if you are first on the AST).5.6.2 The trade market will be open for a maximum time of (#of players x time limit). (ex. 9 days in a 9 player game with a 24 hour time limit).5.6.3 Players may use the Availability settings in Options to adjust when they can play the game so that their turn does not end when they are asleep, working, at school, etc.5.6.4 Players should be mindful of the time limit when creating a game. Choosing "No Time Limit" means there are no limits to how long a player can take to make their move (including initial placement). If a player ignores the game or stops playing, they will never time out and the game will come to a stop. This option should really only be chosen when you are creating a game to be played with people you know will not quit in the middle of the game.lChecked means that players can see the deck count on the trade cards page.Checked means that players can see where in the deck the non-tradable calamity is from the topChecked means that players can only see the active calamity, not the upcoming calamitiesWhen about to put a non-tradable calamity card at the bottom of the trade stack, first pull the bottom two cards from the stack, shuffle the non-tradable calamity together with these cards, and then put all three cards at the bottom of the stack.Players may be primary victim of more than 2 calamities.Check to disable the public email that goes to all other players describing what was SAID was traded.Players may add their friends to a newly created game. That player will automatically be added to the game and will receive an email notification. To add more friends, click on the Friends link at the top of this page.How To Find Your Civilization Game1) accedere al sito Rol-Play Civ.2) Vai al margine sinistro; cliccare su "(rol) Civ".3) Click on the game name in the center portion of the web page.4) You're now in the game you selected and can proceed to the desired section by using the icons on the top panelCome mettere in pausa le tue partiteSometimes it may be necessary to pause your games so that you do not miss your turn (travel, holidays, illness, etc). Note that for the purposes of (rol) Civ, during most phases the game isn't really "paused", but rather the deadlines are extended so that they do not fall within the requested pause date range. For trading, however, the delayed market open date is extended so that it does not fall within the pause range, but players may still set up pending trades that will be executed once the "market open" time is reached.(attenzione: questo metterࠩn pausa TUTTI i tuoi giochi attivi):1) accedere al sito Rol-Play Civ.2) Vai al margine sinistro; cliccare su "(rol) Civ".3) On the right hand side of the list of games you will see a button labelled "Pause / Resume". Click this button.4) Specify the date you want to start pausing in the calendar titled "Start Date" and the date you want to end pausing in the calendar titled "End Date". The number of days you are requesting will appear directly under the calendars.5) In order to let the other players know why a pause was requested, fill out a description in the "Reason" text area.6) When you are done click on the button labelled "Submit Game Pause Request". This will request the pause on all your active games as well as any games you are added to due to being in the player queue.:You can cancel a pause request on any game you are involved in by clicking on the "Remove" button at the bottom of this page. Note that removing a pause request still maintains the pause for at least 24 hours to give all players a chance to react.Come abbandonare una partita1) accedere al sito Rol-Play Civ.2) Vai al margine sinistro; cliccare su "(rol) Civ".3) On the right hand side of the list of games you will see a button labelled "Quit a Game...". Click this button.4) You will be shown a list of all active games you are currently a player in. Locate the game you wish to quit.5) If you have another user lined up to take over for your player, you can assign a replacement user. This player will have to have already been associated with you as a friend (see icon at the top of the site) and they cannot already be a player in the game. If you do not have a replacement user, the player will be open to all other players on the site to attempt to take it over.6) When you are ready, click the "Quit" button under the "Replacement User" drop down. You will be removed from the game, and all players will be notified that you have left the game.Liniti di tempoRimozione del giocatoreA "time limit" is the amount of time you, as a player, have to complete your order once the game is waiting on you. The time limit starts once the previous active player completes their order, and it extends for the duration of the limit of the game specified limit. So if your turn starts at 8am in a 12 hour game, you must enter your order by 8pm on the same day.How To Change your player name and email addressOnly the administrator or the specific user can change their email.For the user to do it:1) go to the Left Hand Menu ->2) andare su sub-menu Opzioni ->3) go to sub-menu Global Options ->4) go to sub-menu Personal Information.This is the location to set your displayed name and set your email address for game related emails.How To Choose your Civilization Nation and Perform Initial PlacementThe game will have up to 8 players in it, when you are added to a game you'll be given a random pick order number (from 1 to 8).There are 9 nations to choose from (one nation won't be played); to choose one simply place a token in one of the desired nation's start areas (the areas adjacent to the game borders with your nationality's colors, or in Crete's case his home island) by clicking on that area. A token (square with your nation's color) will appear with the number "1" in it - indicating 1 token is located at that territory.The game will have up to 8 players in it, so anyone picking before you will get first dibs. So your selection might get removed and you will have to pick again. However, if no one takes your chosen nationality before you then you will get it; you will not have to go back to the site.Puoi pre-selezionare la tua nazionalit࠰rima che venga il tuo turno, e lo stesso possono fare tutti gli altri giocatori sia che il loro turno di scelta sia prima, sia che sia dopo il vostro. In caso di conflitto, coloro che vengono prima nell'ordine di scelta otterranno la nazionalitࠤesiderata, mentre gli altri sarann costretti a scegliere una nuova nazione. In sostanza chi sceglie prima avr࠭aggiori probabilitࠤi essere accontentato. La tua selezione pu򠥳sere cancellata ed in tal caso sarai costretto a fare una nuova scelta. Se per򠮥ssuno avr࠳celto la tua stessa nazione fra coloro che ti precedono, la otterrai; non dovrai tornare sul sito. Una volta che il primo giocatore ha scelto, il secondo otterrࠬa nazionalit࠰re-selezionata a meno che non sia la stessa selezionata dal primo, nel qual caso il secondo dovrࠥffettuare una nuova scelta.: As you're probably aware because of their starting positions only one of these civs will be usually played (the other will be left out). If you pre-select one of those nations and a player before or after you picks or pre-selects the other, the selection will still be valid and you might find yourself in a very nasty start position.Come raccogliere le tasseIf you have enough tokens in stock to fulfill all your taxation requirements (2 per city unless you have Coinage) then this phase is automatically handled by the computer.If you have Coinage then you will need to designate how many tokens per city you wish to move into your treasury during taxation (1, 2, or 3 tokens per city; the same amount is used for every city)If you do not have enough tokens in stock to cover the amount you must tax, then a tax revolt will happen (very very bad thing and you've only got yourself to blame).1) Risolvere le tasse per i giocatori rimasti.2) Calcolare quante citt࠮on hanno pagato le tasse (stock mancante) / [costo tassa (2 se non avete conio)] arrotondato per eccesso, questo 蠩l numero di cittࠣhe si rivoltano.3) The player with most units in stock (cities count for five each, tokens count for one each) is the beneficiary of the revolt and chooses which cities revolt and replaces them with his own cities. If the beneficiary does not have enough cities in stock to take over all cities in revolt, the player with the next largest number of units in stock takes over the remainder and so on, until all cities in revolt have been replaced. In the rare case where no player can take over remaining revolting cities, they are eliminated instead. The new owners do not get taxes for this cities this turn.4) Cities belonging to players who hold Democracy never revolt.If the player has a decision to make (for example, coinage), then they have until the time limit to make that decision. Otherwise it will default to 2. If 2 would result in tax revolts, then it will tax $1 instead of $2 (so we don't have to wait on them again)Come aumentare la PopolazioneIf you have enough tokens to fully populate each area you own, you don't need to do anything for this phase as the computer will automatically place tokens (1 token placed where there is 1 token, 2 tokens where 2 or more tokens exist.)If you do not have enough tokens to fully populate, you must designate where each token is to be placed.1) Nel cursore apparirࠩl numero di pedine che avrete a disposizione per il piazzamento.2) Spostare il cursore sull'area in cui si desidera spostare una pedina.3) Click on the region to place one token.4) Repeat as needed. Move your cursor to other areas to place tokens in those areas and click.5) Se vuoi ricominciare daccapo perch頨ai commesso un errore, vai nell'angolo in alto a destra e clicca sulla finestra a tendina. Seleziona "Rifai" e poi clicca sul pulsante "VAI".6) Once you are finished and satisfied with your placements go to the upper right hand corner and click on the drop down. Select "Done" and then click the "GO" button.Random population placement will take placeHow To Take the CensusThis step is an automated process - the computer automatically counts how many tokens you have on the map and reports this amount in the census.Come Costruire e Mantenere le NaviNoterete che il cursore 蠡 forma di nave.To build a ship in an area simply:1) Spostare la pedina della barca sopra la zona (mare o lago), dove la si desidera posizionare.2) Fare clic sull'area in cui posizionare la barca.3) The pull-down menu will allow you to pay for you boat with either:A) 2 population from the area in questionB) 2 pedine dal tuo TesoroC) A combination of 1 token from the area's population and 1 token from the treasury4) You may only have 4 boats on the map at any one time.Per mantenere la tua nave, semplicemente:1) Fare clic sulla barca in questione.2) Fare clic sulla casella pop-up su "Mantieni questa nave" o "Non Mantieni questa nave"3) Click on the drop down menu in the pop-up box; choose whether you are paying for the boat with treasury or tokens on the board.4) Puoi anche decidere di NON mantenere la nave e di ricostruirla daccapo (spendendo 2 pedine invece di 1). Questo pu򠥳sere fatto per ridurre le dimensioni di un tesoro troppo abbondante, per regolare le tasse ddel turno successivo (ed evitare potenziali Rivolte Fiscali).Note: You can build ships into lakes so be careful when building a ship in GalatiaIf it is the player's turn and they haven't put their orders in by the end of the time limit:Nessuna nave sarࠣostruita o mantenuta.********** Da una recente discussione tra un GM e un beta tester:Q: Can I remove a ship in Byzantium and then rebuild it for 2 treasury (as a way of burning an extra treasury?)A: S쬠lo puoi fare.Q: When ship building comes around, all of your existing ships will have a red border around it. In general on the site, red means that it will be lost, green means that it will stay (same concept for a couple of the calamities and city building). Click on the ship, and a dialog box will appear. In the dialog box, you can specify whether you want to maintain, or want instead to build new ships.How To Move Tokens and ShipsTo move guys you click on source tokens (square with your civ color and a number to indicate how many tokens are there) to pick up the token and click in the destination territory to put it down. Sometimes, a click in source will pick up multiple tokens, but if you want to put one back down where it was you just click again on the source territory.If you click on a stack of tokens and it picks up more than one, that's usually because you're over the population limit and the number of tokens picked up is the number that you're over the limit by.In theory, you should be able to double click on a stack to pick them all up. However, in reality, this seems to depend on the browser you are using.You should be able to shift-click on a stack of tokens to pick an additional token up without having to drop the ones you've already picked up on the map (assuming they are all from the same territory). Again, this may depend on the browser you are using.To load boats you click on your boat and it displays a dialog where you can specify how many units it is loading. Same with unloading. Click "Save and Move" to store how many tokens you are loading/unlaoding and close the dialog. Moving boats works the same as population tokens.Players can enter their moves simultaneously, and they then have two options: "Done" or "Done unless threatened".Because players still technically don't do their movement until it is their turn in the census order to do so, the site holds their orders as "pending" until it is their turn, at which point it will finalize them. If you want to change your mind, as long as it isn't your turn to put in your orders, you can reset your "Done" selection and make adjustments.1) "Fatto" significa proprio questo: ho concluso la mia mossa.2) L'opzione "Fatto salvo minaccia" fa la stessa cosa, ma prima controlla per vedere se qualcuno si 蠭osso in un territorio in cui si sia giࠤentro o in cui si sta muovendo.Of course, you can always wait until it is your turn, but going it simultaneously speeds things along.Nota che ci sono due fasi fra il Movimento e la Rimozione della Popolazione in Eccesso, e per una buona ragione. La fase di Conflitto pu򠲡pidamente ridurre la popolazione sotto il massimo in ogni territorio, e la Costruzione di Citt࠰u򠥳sere effettuata tipicamente solo quando in un territorio c'蠵na popolazione molto superiore a quella normalmente consentita.Nota: pu򠳵ccedeere che tu abbia mosso un'unitࠩn un'area e questa unit࠲isulti invece essersi mossa in un'altra area. Ricarica il browser e apparir࠮ella posizione corretta.If it is the player's turn and they haven't put their orders in by the end of the time limit:If they have moved tokens but not said Done from the drop down, those moves will be finalized. Otherwise no movement will take place.Come Risolvere i ConflittiThis phase will be handled automatically by the system, and you won't be prompted to do anything unless you have pillaged a city2) Se distruggi con successo una citt࠲iceverai una carta commercio da parte della vittima e ti verrࠣhiesto di decidere quante unitࠤi stock si desidera spostare nel tesoro (massimo 3), questo si chiama "saccheggio", se si attacca una citt࠰irata qualsiasi segnalino pirata rimanente dopo la risoluzione del conflitto verr࠲imosso e vi sarࠤata la possibilitࠤi saccheggiare la cittଠma non sar࠰ossibile ottenere una carta di commercio.If it is the player's turn and they haven't put their orders in by the end of the time limit:If pillaging could take place, the maximun pillage possible will be taken1) Processare per primi tutti i conflitti che coinvolgono barbari e pirati.2) Elaborare tutti i conflitti che non coinvolgono una citt3) Process all conflicts where the defending player has tokens defending a city, in order of most tokens to least (so that the tokens are returned back to stock if the city gets reduced), then in order of most attacking tokens to least.4) Process all conflicts where the defending player has no tokens defending a city, in order most attacking tokens to least.In the event of a tie, the order is pseudo-random.How To Construct CitiesFor display purposes during this phase: if there is a green border around it, you are building it. If it's red, you aren't.Click on the city to change.If your current population can support all your cities, they appear green by default when you open the map.Please note that the box in the upper right hand corner will show a "+" and the number of cities you are currently indicating you wish to build. The number of cities you will be building this turn ("+#") will change as you change the Build (Green) / Don't Build (Red) status on each potential city construction site.Costruzione di cittAny Cities that can be built will be. If not all cities can be built, then the non-city-site cities will be built first, then the city-site cities, until the city support limit is reached. Architecture will not be taken into account.How To Remove Surplus PopulationThis step is an automated action - the computer automatically counts how many tokens you have on the map in each area and removes any tokens you have in excess of the area's unit limit.Please note that Agriculture Civilization Advance allows you to keep one more token in an area than normally allowed, but only if there no tokens of other players in the same territory.If it is the player's turn and they haven't put their orders in by the end of the time limit:Verifica del supporto alle cittIf not all cities can be supported, then random cities are reduced.Come acquisire carte di commercioIf you have 18 or more treasury you'll be given the option of purchasing any number of Trade Card Stack #9 (Gold/Ivory/Piracy) cards at 18 treasury value each.Once all players have decided on whether to buy Gold or not the computer will automatically draw the appropriate number of trade cards from the appropriate stack for each playerIf it is the player's turn and they haven't put their orders in by the end of the time limit: Purchase Deck 9 Trade CardsNo deck 9 cards will be purchasedCome Commerciare con altri Giocatori1) Fare clic sul margine superiore della parola "Commercio".2) Guarda qui le tue carte commercio.To trade1) Fai clic sul box che contiene il nome del giocatore (o del popolo) con cui desideri commerciare.2) Dopo aver discusso lo scambio con il tuo potenziale partner commerciale (tramite posta elettronica standard, telefonate, o il sistema di chat on-line), si pu򠰲ocedere con lo scambio.4) Drag the trade cards you wish to trade away to the Big White Box that says "Drag Cards you wish to give to the other player here." They should disappear from the images that you see, and the name should appear under a "Cancel Trade" button above the box you just dropped it in.5) Quando invii uno scambio, l'altro giocatore (solo in questo momento) vede cosa gli stai offrendo. Se vuoi mentire a proposito di una carta, devi cliccare "Mentire" e specificare cosa vuoi far finta che sia quella carta. Cos젦acendo, il giocatore avversario vedr࠳olo la menzogna.6) After you have dropped all your cards, the "Click to submit this trade" button should become active. Click it, the trade will be finished.7) Don't say "Done" from the top drop down until you are actually done trading with everyone, not just this previous trade partner.8) "Qualsiasi": Se setti una carta come "Qualsiasi" significa che quella carta pu򠲥almente essere una qualsiasi. Quindi per esempio se chiedi Sale, Grano e Qualsiasi il giocatore con cui stai scambiando potrebbe darti Sale, una calamitࠨmentendola come Grano) e un'altra calamitࠣome carta Qualsiasi. Se realmente vuoi evitare di essere fregato, non usare "Qualsiasi"; ma ci sono alcuni tra di voi che sono davvero molto fiduciosi. NDT - La carta Qualsiasi vale sempre come veritࠨperch蠳ar࠳empre vero che il tuo avversario ti abbia dato una carta... qualsiasi sia), quindi 蠵na carta a te sconosciuta eppure non 蠭ai considerata come bugia. Il che significa che il tuo avversario ti pu򠤡re una carta qualsiasi e avere ancora a disposizione una bugia.9) "Non specificato" Quando una carta 蠮on specificata, il giocatore non pu򠤩chiararla, per cui una carta non specificata conta sempre come menzogna. Quindi se richiedi Sale, Grano e Non specificato, l'altro giocatore dovrࠤarti Sale, Grano e una terza carta, per la quale lui dovrࠣliccare su "Mentire" e scegliere "Non specificato".Notes: My personal recommendation is that you set all trades as 2 Named Cards + 1 Unspecified that way you are guaranteed to get those to cards, and avoid getting screwedThe trading system built into the site is NOT for negotiation, but is for the actual exchange of cards.All negotiation should be done external to the site, probably by email. When you are ready to finalize a trade, then you go to the site.I have heard that some players are requesting or sending screen shots of their trade cards to request proof or prove that they aren't lying about trades. This is a BIG no no and should be considered cheating. You cannot in the real game, under ANY circumstances, show your hand to another player. Per the rules:28.3 ... Un giocatore non pu򠭯strare le carte durante il negoziato, n頰u򠩮formare altri giocatori sui dettagli dopo la conclusione del baratto.I consider taking a screen shot showing the trade cards to another player the same as showing your trade hand.If you get a request for such a screen shot, refuse the request and point to the above rule. If they persist, either trade with someone else or let me know. If I do specifically hear of anyone requesting such a thing, I will punish them (remove whatever cards I feel like from their hand, for example). If they persists, I'll have no choice other than to ban them.Quindi, niente foto dello schermo.Q: "If I can make a suggestion though, it has been quite common to make comments like I just traded that with, or just traded it away..."It would help if you could clarify on this part of the rule: nor may a player inform other players of the details of a trade after it is completed.Because it can be from not mentioning you've traded a calamity to someone to not being able to say "just traded it away" when you're asked for a commodity you had moments before."A: Here is my interpretation: If you could hear it over the table in a face to face game, then it's OK. As far as I'm concerned, if you say to Crete "I'll trade you 2 gold and Barbarians", there is no lying going on, and it is public knowledge where the Barbarians are so you can say "I just traded Barbarians away". However, if Crete also got Epidemic as part of that trade (because only 2 were guaranteed) no one, neither the trader or the recipient can say anything about the Epidemic.Similarly, if not all cards traded were the truth, you cannot disclose any further details about what was traded. Only that which could be public info.That last part, understandably, is harder to enforce.If it is the player's turn and they haven't put their orders in by the end of the time limit:There will be a 50% time amount (24hrs in the example) where players can update their public messages and set up trades. However, no trades will exchange hands until the 50% limit is complete. This is to fix a problem experienced in other games where those that happen to be awake and at their computers when the trading round starts have a large advantage over getting the good trades in.After the 50% trade embargo, trading will resume as normal. The cutoff for the trading round will be the number of players times the time limit (so 8x48 hours in the example). This is just the EXTREME edge for trading. As people leave the market, the time limit will be reevaluated. So, if after 24 hours someone leaves the market (7 players remaining), then the new time limit will be updated to the lesser of (number of players times the time limit) or (current time limit). In this way, the end of trading gets sooner and sooner as people leave. Re-entering the trading market has no effect on the time limit.How availability works with trading is that we start with a base deadline, then every player's availability is analyzed ONCE. For example, say there was a deadline of 12:00 noon. Player A's availability is 1-3pm, B's = 2-6pm, C's is 11am-1pm. The new deadline for trade will (likely) be at 11am the next day since A's pushed the deadline to 1pm, B's to 2pm, and since 2pm is outside C's range so it's pushed to 11am the next day. Even though 11am isn't inside A nor B's range, it is still beyond the original base deadline.Note that this calculation takes into consideration only the players in the market, and is recalculated any time someone leaves the market.Capire le Carte CalamitCalamities result from players either getting a calamity card by drawing one from a trade deck during the Acquire Trade Cards Phase and failing to trade it away (in the case of tradeable calamities), or by being traded a tradeable calamity from another player during the trading phase.Please note that any one player will only suffer as the primary victim from up to 2 calamities per turn. If you draw or get traded more than 2 calamities, you will only suffer from two of them; randomly chosen. The other calamities will have no effect.The only exception to the "no more than 2" rule is if the game was created with the "Stoic" option enabled, which means that you suffer the effects of all calamities, regardless of how many you ended up with. If you see the word "Stoic" in the options for your game, then the option is enabled and you may have an any number of calamities to deal withAll Calamities are revealed after the trading phase is completed.Calamities are resolved in the following order:2) Quando 2 calamit࠲ivelate hanno lo stesso numero di mazzo commercio, la calamit࠮on-commerciabile viene risolta prima delle calamitࠣommerciabili.3) Refer to the calamity effects section to see how each individual calamity is resolved.If it is the player's turn and they haven't put their orders in by the end of the time limit:The winning players (by score) will be chosen for secondary effects, and random selection of tokens/cities will occurHow To Understand Calamities Cards EffectsCalamity effects are described below. The numbers in the beginning of each calamity paragraph refer to the rules sections that this text was lifted out of.30.2 Second level calamities (from the number 2 trade deck)30.21 Eruzione Vulcanica o Terremoto30.211 If the primary victim has any cities in an area touched by a volcano, the volcano erupts and eliminates all units, regardless of ownership, in the areas touched by the volcano. If the primary victim has cities in areas touched by more than one volcano, the site of the eruption is that which causes the greatest total damage to the primary victim and any secondary victims. In the event of a tie, the primary victim selects the location of the eruption.30.212 If the primary victim has no cities in an area touched by a volcano, one of his cities is destroyed by earthquake. One city belonging to another player is reduced. This second city must be in an area adjacent to the destroyed city, even across water. As above, the site of the earthquake is that which causes the greatest total damage.30.213 If the primary victim holds Engineering, an earthquake reduces, rather than destroys, his city. A player who holds Engineering may not be selected as a secondary victim of an Earthquake. Engineering has no effect on Volcanoes.30.22 Tradimento30.221 One city belonging to the primary victim is replaced by one city belonging to the player who traded him the card. If the trading player has no available cities, the victim's city is eliminated. The player trading the card selects the city.30.222 If Treachery is drawn by a player and not traded, one city belonging to that player is reduced. As no one traded the card to the primary victim, no other player benefits from the primary victim's misfortune.30.3 Third level calamities (from the number three trade deck)30.31 Carestia 30.311 The primary victim loses ten unit points himself, and must instruct other players to remove 20 unit points, no more than eight of which may come from any one player. The primary victim decides how many unit points are lost by each of the secondary victims, but the secondary victims decide which units to remove.30.312 Players who hold Pottery may reduce their losses by four unit points for each Grain trade card held. Grain cards used for this purpose are not discarded, but must be placed face up in front of the player until the end of the turn and may not be used to acquire civilization cards until the following turn.30.32 Superstizione30.321 Three cities belonging to the primary victim are reduced. The primary victim chooses which cities.30.322 If the primary victim has Mysticism, two cities are reduced; if the primary victim holds Deism, one city is reduced; if the primary victim holds Enlightenment, there is no effect. These effects are not cumulative. The governing effect is that of the highest level Religion card held.30.4 Fourth level calamities (from the number four trade deck)30.41 Guerra Civile30.411 The primary victim's nation is divided into two factions. The player with the most unit points in stock is the beneficiary of the Civil War. This determination is made by counting tokens in stock (one each) and cities in stock (five each). If the primary victim has the most units in stock there is no Civil War.30.412 The composition of the first faction is decided by both the primary victim and the beneficiary as follows:30.4121 The primary victim begins by selecting 15 unit points.30.4122 If the primary victim holds Music he selects an additional five unit points. If the primary victim holds Drama and Poetry he selects an additional five unit points. If the primary victim holds Democracy he selects an additional ten unit points. The effects of Music, Drama and Poetry, and Democracy are cumulative.30.4123 After the primary victim completes his selection, the beneficiary selects an additional 20 unit points belonging to the primary victim to complete the first faction.30.4124 If the primary victim holds Philosophy, the first faction is automatically comprised of 15 units chosen by the beneficiary, regardless of any other civilization cards held by the primary victim.30.413 Whatever remains constitutes the second faction. If there is no second faction there is no Civil War.30.414 If the primary victim holds Military, five unit points are removed from each faction to reflect the increased destructiveness of the Civil War. The required units are removed after factions are selected. Each player must, if possible, remove the required units from areas adjacent to the other faction.30.415 The primary victim then decides whether he will continue to play the units of the first or second faction. The primary victim retains his stock, ships, treasury, civilization cards, and position on the A.S.T. The beneficiary annexes whichever faction is not retained by the primary victim by replacing the units involved with his own. If he runs out of units, the remainder are taken over by the next player with the most units in stock, and so on.30.42 Rivolta degli schiavi30.421 Fifteen tokens belonging to the primary victim may not be used to support his cities. This effect is resolved immediately. After the end of the current calamity phase, the tokens again function normally.30.422 Cities are reduced one at a time, with the newly available tokens being eligible to provide support for the victim's remaining cities (see 26.6). If the primary victim has less than fifteen tokens on the board, only those tokens are affected by Slave Revolt. Tokens placed on the board after the resulting reduction of the primary victim's cities may always be used for city support.30.423 If the primary victim holds Mining, an additional five tokens may not be used for city support. If the primary victim holds Enlightenment, the number of tokens which may not be used for city support is reduced by five. If a player holds both Mining and Enlightenment, the effects cancel.30.5 Fifth level calamities (from the number five trade deck)30.51 Alluvione30.511 If the primary victim has vulnerable units on a flood plain (4.42), he loses a maximum of 17 unit points from that flood plain. Cities are vulnerable to flood if they have been built in areas with no city site or a city shown as a white square. Cities on black city sites are safe. Tokens are always vulnerable to flood.30.512 Ten unit points on the same flood plain belonging to one or more secondary victims are also removed. The primary victim divides the ten unit point loss among the secondary victims as he chooses, but the secondary victims themselves choose which units are to be lost. If the number of vulnerable units on the affected flood plain belonging to other players totals ten unit points or less, all those other players automatically become secondary victims and all their vulnerable units are eliminated.30.513 If the primary victim has vulnerable units on more than one flood plain, the flood occurs on the flood plain containing the greatest number of his vulnerable unit points. In the event of tie, the primary victim selects the location of the flood.30.514 If the primary victim has no vulnerable units in a flood plain, one of his coastal cities is eliminated. The primary victim chooses the city. If the primary victim has no coastal cities, he is unaffected by the flood.30.515 A player who holds Engineering who has units on a flood plain loses a maximum of seven unit points from flood, whether as a primary or secondary victim. If a primary victim who holds Engineering has no units on a flood plain, one of his coastal cities is reduced rather than eliminated.30.52 Orde Barbariche30.521 Piazzamento Iniziale30.5211 Fifteen tokens belonging to one of the nations which did not start the game are placed in one of the primary victim's start areas. These Barbarian tokens are placed in the start area which causes the greatest damage to the primary victim. If the primary victim does not have units in any of his start areas, the Barbarians are initially placed in an empty start area. They may be placed in an area which contains units belonging to a player other than the primary victim only if no other area is available.30.5212 Immediately after initial placement, conflict is resolved between the newly placed Barbarians and any units, including those of nations other than the primary victim, in the area occupied by the Barbarians.30.523 Movimento continuativo30.5231 Once conflict arising out of their initial placement is resolved, all surviving Barbarians in excess of the population limit of the area of initial placement move to the adjacent area which will result in the greatest damage to the primary victim. Conflict is again resolved.30.5232 This process is repeated until there are no surplus Barbarian tokens. At the end of the calamity phase, surviving Barbarian tokens may not exceed the population limits of the areas they occupy.30.5233 Barbarians always move as a unit, other than when they leave tokens in areas they have already occupied. Barbarians may move across water boundaries, but not across open sea areas.30.5234 The movement of Barbarians is governed by the principle that they always move into the area which causes the greatest immediate damage to the primary victim. No calculation is made as to whether the overall damage to the primary victim would be greater if the Barbarians went into one area as opposed to another, as the determination of greatest damage is made for each Barbarian movement in turn.30.5235 All movement and conflict involving Barbarians is completed during the calamity phase, prior to the resolution of any other calamities. Once the Barbarians have stopped moving, they remain on the board until eliminated by other players. Barbarians do not increase their population and may not be selected as secondary victims of calamities.30.524 Conflitto con altre nazioni30.5241 Barbarians must enter areas occupied solely by cities or tokens belonging to the primary victim, provided they can inflict damage on the primary victim by entering such areas. If they are unable to move into such an area, they may enter empty areas or areas occupied by units belonging to other nations in order to reach the nearest area in which they can inflict damage on the primary victim.30.5242 If Barbarians enter areas containing units belonging to nations other than the primary victim, they engage in conflict with those units. Barbarians do not attack their own tokens, and thus may pass through areas they have already occupied with no ill effects. It is possible that a primary victim who has no units near his starting areas might not suffer any ill effects from this calamity, as the Barbarians might exhaust themselves ravaging and occupying areas while trying to reach the nearest vulnerable primary victim units.30.525 Risolvere i pareggi30.5251 If Barbarians have a choice of areas to enter, the player who traded the calamity to the primary victim selects the area. If the calamity was not traded, such decisions are made by the player with the most units in stock at the time the calamity is resolved.30.5252 Barbarian tokens do not benefit from any of the attributes of their controlling player.30.526 If Barbarians eliminate a city, no trade card is drawn from the victim.30.527 Creta non pu򠥳sere la vittima primaria delle Orde Barbariche.30.6 Sixth level calamities (from the number six trade deck)30.61 Epidemia30.611 La vittima primaria perde 16 unit஠La vittima primaria deve ordinare la perdita di altre 25 unit࠴ra gli altri giocatori; ogni giocatore pu򠰥rdere al massimo 10 unit⮠Il giocatore che ha scambiato Epidemic con la vittima primaria non pu򠥳sere scelto come vittima secondaria.30.612 A nation removing tokens as a result of an Epidemic must leave at least one token in each affected area. Cities which are eliminated by an Epidemic are replaced by at least one token, so cities account for a maximum of four unit points when calculating losses from this calamity.30.613 If a primary victim of Epidemic holds Medicine, his losses are reduced by eight unit points. If a secondary victim of Epidemic holds Medicine, his losses are reduced by five unit points.30.614 A player who holds Roadbuilding loses an additional five unit points to Epidemic, both as a primary and a secondary victim.30.615 The effects of 30.613 and 30.614 are cumulative.30.7 Seventh level calamities (from the number seven trade deck)30.71 Disordine Civile30.711 All but three of the primary victim's cities are reduced. The primary victim chooses which cities are reduced.30.712 The number of the primary victim's cities reduced is decreased by one for each of the following civilization cards held: Music, Drama and Poetry, Law and Democracy.30.713 The number of the primary victim's cities reduced is increased by one if the primary victim holds Military.30.714 The number of the primary victim's cities reduced is increased by one if the primary victim holds Roadbuilding.30.715 Gli effetti di 30.712, 30.713, e 30.714 sono cumulativi.30.8 Eighth level calamities (from the number eight trade deck)30.81 Iconoclasma ed Eresia30.811 Four of the primary victim's cities are reduced. The primary victim chooses which cities are reduced.30.812 If the primary victim holds Law, the number of cities reduced is decreased by one.30.813 Se la vittima primaria ha Filosofia, il numero di città ridotte è ridotto di uno.30.814 If the primary victim holds Theology, the number of cities reduced is decreased by three.30.815 If the primary victim holds Monotheism, the number of cities reduced is increased by one.30.816 If the primary victim holds Roadbuilding, the number of cities reduced is increased by one.30.817 The effects of 30.812 - 30.816 are cumulative.30.818 The primary victim must also order the reduction of a total of two cities belonging to other players. The player who traded Iconoclasm and Heresy to the primary victim may not be selected as a secondary victim.30.819 A secondary victim who holds Philosophy may not lose more than one city as a result of the primary victim's order. A player who holds Theology cannot be named as a secondary victim.30.9 Ninth level calamities (from the number nine trade deck)30.91 Pirateria30.911 The primary victim loses two coastal cities. The player trading the card selects the cities. These cities are replaced by two pirate cities belonging to one of the nations which did not start the game (for convenience, use the same units as for Barbarian Hordes).30.912 Two coastal cities belonging to two other players are similarly replaced by pirate cities, even if the primary victim had fewer than two coastal cities and was thus not himself fully affected. The primary victim selects these cities. The secondary victims may each lose only one city. The player who traded Piracy to the primary victim may not be selected as a secondary victim.30.913 Pirate cities do not require city support, and remain on the board until attacked and destroyed. When a pirate city is attacked, it is replaced by unused tokens solely for the purpose of resolving combat. After combat is resolved, any surviving pirate tokens are eliminated. When a pirate city is destroyed, the attacker may pillage the city.How To Acquire Civilization Advances CardsIn order to acquire Civilization Advances Cards you need to go the Advances section located in the upper margin.1) Guarda la lista di Carte Civilizzazione sulla sinistra, quelle che non sono in grigio sono quelle che ti 蠰ossibile comprare (hai i requisiti necessari) e che riesci a comprare con i tuoi punti. Le informazioni saranno aggiornate se aggiungerai Carte Civilizzazione al tuo carrello.3) If you want to remove any advances from your cart simply click on the red X in front of the advance you wish to remove4) Once you have your purchases in your cart, click "Done/Checkout", this will lead you to a new section where you must then pay for the advances using tokens from your treasury and/or trade cards in your trade card hand.5) Drag trade cards over to the right side.6) You may pay any remaining balance with your tokens from your treasury.7) You may over pay with trade cards but you will not be given any kind of "change" back to reconcile the difference.9) If you made a mistake, simply go to the drop down in the upper right margin and select "reset" and click the "GO" button.10) Puoi liberamente muovere pedine dal tuo tesoro e / o dalla tua mano di carte commercio all'area "cose con cui ho intenzione di pagare", e viceversa.11) Quando hai finito e soddisfatto con la transazione andare al menu nel margine superiore destro e selezionare "Fatto" e cliccare sul pulsante "GO".Note: Keep in mind that your maximum hand size is 8, if you have more cards than that you'll have to discard them, to do this simply drag the selected cards over to the right side. Sometimes is a good idea to discard some cards instead of cashing several small sets.If it is the player's turn and they haven't put their orders in by the end of the time limit:The minimum number of advancements will be purchased until the hand limit is 8 or lower.How To View Everyone's Civilization Advances CardsIn order to see what advances everyone has, go to the Advances page (icon at the top).Below your list of advances you can see everyone's advances.How To Understand Civilization Advances Cards' EffectsYou can read the text and effects of all cards on the Advances page of the website, or in the game rules located elsewhere in these Help files.How to Move Markers on the Archeological Succession TableThis step is automatic and performed by the computer.Note that you must have the appropriate prerequisites in order to move upward one space on the A.S.T.If you do not have the prerequisites then you cease forward movement on the A.S.T.If you have Zero Cities at this time you move backward one space on the A.S.T (until you reach the Stone Age, then you stop moving backwards)How to Read the information on the A.S.T.1) La pagina della TSA ora ha intestazioni che mostrano a quale Era corrisponde ogni colore. Le Ere corrispondono alla descrizione sotto la tabella, che indica i requisiti per entrare nell'Era.A. Civ Advancement Points are the points from the original (non-credit) cost of your advancements and is the total used to progress on the Late Iron Age in the ASTB. Total Public Points is basically a sum of each player's total points. This is part of the total that is used to determine the winner of the game. The only other thing that is added to this total at the end of the game is the sum of the trade cards still in hand, which obviously we don't want to disclose. The table is sorted by this column, and suffice it to say that if you are at the top, you are pretty much winning the game right now.C. The last column of the summary (Total Public Points) will be added to the bottom of most of the emails that you receive.What are player rankings?Where can I find the player rankings?Why are there players with lower average game points or average rankings rated higher than me?How are the rankings determined?Is my ranking affected when I quit a game?Why don't you display the actual Player Score or the formula used?Come posso migliorare il mio punteggio?The (rol) Civ player ranking system is a way to determine the relative skill level of players. There are no cash prizes or fancy trophies or ribbons for the best players, it's mostly for bragging rights and picking up women (or men). It can also help you determine what games you should join by letting you size up the competition ahead of time.When you are viewing the list of games on the main page of (rol) Civ, there is a link at the top of the page titled "Rankings". One click and you are there!The ranking system is not based solely on your final scores or game rank. A ranking system based just on those factors could easily be manipulated by players playing easy games against inexperienced players.Player rankings are based on a formula that takes several different variables into consideration.The biggest factor in your ranking is the quality of your competition. Your ranking is based on an internal score that goes up or down based on the skill level of the other people in the game you complete. You basically "steal" points from those you beat, and "lose" points to those that beat you. The number of points gained/lost is based on your relative skill levels, so beating a player that is lower ranked than you will net you a few points, but beating a player that is higher ranked than you will gain you a lot more. Same thing for losing points: lose a few to a player higher ranked than you, lose more to someone lower ranked than you.Your score is also adjusted based on what civilization you played. The site tracks average finish place rank for each civilization in all the games played on the site. (This information is on the Rankings screen) Everyone knows some Civs are easier to play than others. You'll gain more points when you beat a Civilization that has a tendency to win and lose fewer points when your Asian kingdom becomes a vassal to Babylon (again).Risposta breve?It's understandable that sometimes real life interferes with our plans for global domination and that work, school, illness, or family matters may force you to quit one or more games that you are in. No one will begrudge you if you need to focus on something more important than a game.Unfortunately, some players have developed a habit of quitting games when they feel they can't win or they just don't like the other players in the game. Such behavior is bad sportsmanship and can negatively impact the remaining players.To discourage players from quitting a game for no good reason and to encourage players to join as replacement players, your player score and rankings take these behaviors into consideration.When you take over for an abandoned Civ and finish the game, you will keep all the points you gain from the players you beat and any points lost to players that beat you will be distributed amongst all of the players that have played that Civ. For the player that finished the game, the sum of points gained and lost can be negative. Any surplus of negative points will be redistributed amongst the reminaining player(s) that abandoned that Civ.There's no downside to being a replacement player. Even if that Civ finishes in last place, your player ranking will not be negatively impacted. Your ranking can only ever go up, never down!On the other hand, your player ranking can only go down when you quit a game. The same goes if you are removed from the game due to inactivity.To avoid players trying to game the system, only the relative rankings are displayed, not your actual scores. The formula for determining your ranking is known only to one person and is kept locked in a safe along with Colonel Sander's chicken recipe and the formula for Coca-Cola.Did I mention that a donation to the site will automatically double your score? (click the PayPal link on the left)Seriously, here are a few tips that are sure to elevate you to an elite top ten status!There's no dishonor in losing to a better player and more glory to be had defeating a worthy opponent than in beating up on a bunch of newbs.3) Don't quit games without a good reason. No one likes a quitter and your ranking will reflect this. Frankly, you should just be grateful we don't flog you.4) Be a replacement player. Sure, it may not be much fun to take up a Civ stuck in last place with no hopes of winning, but remember there's no downside to you. You can only improve your score. Plus you'll win the respect and gratitude of the remaining players who just want to finish the game.Since you can't lose, this might also be a good time to try out different strategies or play with a different style than you might otherwise. Take risks! Be more ruthless and aggressive! Try to win as Crete without building a single boat!5) Remember, this is all just for fun. Don't obsess too much over who's ahead of you or how to climb the ladder. Just keep playing, do your best and eventually everyone will recognize you as the badass Civ player you really are!New Players Advice: Video TutorialsHere are some tutorials on how to play Advanced Civilization. If you find more, please let us know and we'll add it to the list!New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomerySuggestions for Players new to Advanced Civilization by Edward (Edge) Montgomery with contributions from Phillip Van AkenNew Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryIntroduzioneAdvanced Civilization is a great game. As with most board games, you get better each time you play it. But since it takes longer to play than most, it also takes longer to get the necessary experience to play it well. These observations are intended to get new players up to speed faster.In the course of this discussion I use the masculine form of pronouns, for convenience. Please view them as gender-neutral.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryPicking a cultureIn order, best to worst for new players: Babylon, Egypt, Assyria. If you are the only new player, hold out for one of those. There is a sharp drop-off after that. Thrace, Iberia (now it is really getting tough for a newbie) Crete (be sure to read up on its opening!), Italy, Africa, Illyria, Asia (assuming the other eastern powers are in play.)New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryFlusso di GiocoFor new players, much of the trick in playing Advanced Civilization well is in managing your stock (farmers and taxes). (An aside: stacks of 6 work well on your Stock mat.)Population growth moves farmers onto the map. Optimize this; don't stack more than 2 farmers in any area. You'll discover exceptions to this as you play, but they are rare; typically only as a defense. New players don't usually need to worry too much about getting jumped.During population growth, keep the new farmers in a separate stack in the same area. You can flip them over to be completely sure you don't make a mistake. New players often get confused, and add 1 to an area, then come back and add 2 more. When counting your population, it is often easiest to count by 4.At the beginning of the game, "swarm" your farmers as much as your culture can. That is, avoid building cities, and go for lots of farmers staking out territory instead. Egypt and Babylon should "bounce" once on the AST to swarm an extra turn. The Minoans are wired to a start which builds a boat turn 3 and removes 5 of the 6 units from Crete, and puts cities into Argos and Sparta with 2 farmers in Thessaly, Delphi, Corinth, Athens, Phaestos and Knossus on turn 5. Everyone else should still be swarming until they run out of farmers. Build cities to return enough farmers to stock that your farmers remaining on the map can double the next turn. Buy boats as necessary.Try to stake out 7 city sites, and adequate farmland. Once the early boundaries are established, most conflicts are border wars over a city site or key farmland. Watch out for your neighbors. Try not to give them attractive targets of opportunity. If you can, arrange to be a bit smaller than they are every turn, so you can move after they do. Coinage helps with this a lot, as can buying boats, and careful stock management during the movement and calamity phases.Don't put cities where you can't defend them... you'll lose them and a card with them. Cities make good borders, but you must be able to move enough farmers to them to defend them against attack when necessary.Don't leave farmers who can be killed for free. This can happen if you leave 1 farmer in a 2 spot (for instance), or if your opponent has Metalworking and you don't, or if your opponent has Agriculture and you don't (your 1 spots are 2's to him), etc.Remember that calamities will knock down a lot of your cities, especially early in the game before you have acquired any mitigating advances. Don't worry about this; expect to lose 2-3 cities per turn. As you get a feel for this, you'll adjust the above advice about farmer growth to count on some farmers dying during calamity resolution.Try not to have a turn where you get stuck with 17 taxes in stock. This cripples your ability to grow, and thus your ability to build cities. Get to 18, so you can buy a 9 trade card to get the tokens back into circulation. Until you get Coinage, boat purchases are the easiest way to manipulate this. But also remember that spending taxes when buying Civilization cards is a fine way to circulate the stock tokens.When the game starts, the disasters hit hard enough that it is difficult to stay bigger than 5 or 6 cities. Since you spend your time rebuilding, there is little cause or capability for military conflict. As the game progresses, the average culture can maintain larger forces because most civilization cards lessen the affect of calamities.This allows for more discretion towards military endeavors later in the game. But it is still difficult to get a culture to 9 cities and keep it there. So aggressive cultures typically must choose between increasing their own cities and reducing those of their opponents.This increase in average city size also affects trading strategy. The larger trade cards (7+) which increase in set value most quickly become available in sufficient numbers to provide attractive alternatives. This increase in overall wealth, combined with the compound interest affect of accumulating bonuses, and the large number of bonuses that can be applied to the largest civilization cards, makes for a startling number of big acquisitions very late in the game.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryScambioMake a living in the trade cards valued 4 and 5. These are available in good numbers, and not too expensive for which to trade. As the game enters the Early Iron age, start aiming for 6s and 7s.Get as many cards as possible in a set before you turn it in. Be disappointed every time you fail to corner a market. (Expect to be disappointed a lot.)Try to end each turn with some "working" sets of trade cards, that is, 2 to 4 cards of the same type.In general, save your 8 best cards which are not in a full set, or a set which you must spend.As the trading round winds down, remember to worry about calamities. Most "late" trades will include one. Sometimes, it makes sense to stand pat if the gain is small.On turns where you have 1 of everything, fewer than 9 cards, and no calamities, trade carefully. Don't jump at the first deal that helps you a little bit. You can mess up the other players by keeping your trade cards out of circulation. This also gives you the chance to pay attention to what every one else is trying to accumulate. If you've got what they want, extract a high price.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryBuying Advances: a simple planThe trickiest part of buying advances is making sure you get enough Arts in time to buy the big Civics at the end. Crafts, Science and Religion can take care of themselves. You will buy them based on a need and greed. The benefits of the Arts and Civics are less apparent. This guideline may help.Early Bronze Age: Mysticism, Drama and PoetryTarda etࠤel bronzo: AlfabetizzazioneEarly Iron Age : Music, Architecturelater in Early Iron Age : Law, Enlightenment, MathematicsLate Iron Age : Philosophy, Theology, DemocracyAcquiring Civilization CardsA mix of the following approaches is suggested.1) Costruire dal bassoThe ultimate strategy for an "optimizer". Try to buy every card, while maximizing the bonuses. So, buy as many cards as possible each turn, avoiding overlapping colors or special bonuses. Make sure to use all special bonuses. The idea is to get the "compound interest" effect of the bonuses absolutely maximized.There are problems with this approach. The small cards don't have impressive attributes. The small cards are best saved for soaking up spare points. Until you master this game, you probably won't be able to buy every civilization card before the game ends, so you risk having all but the really big cards. It is tough to win without a decent number of the big cards, particularly since the big cards are cheaper than their prerequisites, when bonuses are factored in.2) Andare per necessitDifferent cultures have different problems. Big flood plains absolutely need Engineering. Cramped cultures with small population limits need Agriculture. Maritime cultures need Astronomy and Cloth Making. Cultures short on city squares need Architecture. Front running cultures need Pottery and Medicine. Cultures with too many neighbors need to stay at the front of the arms race with Metal Working, Military, Agriculture, Road Building, Engineering, Astronomy, Cloth Making, and Monotheism. This is a valid consideration. It needs to be balanced against the costs.3) Target big cardsGiven that you can't buy everything, one way to get maximum lift is to concentrate on a limited number of categories. After all, the most bonus comes with the last card purchased in each category. One way to pick the categories is to target big cards (say, 2). Once you know which culture you are playing, decide which big cards you want. Then buy all the cards that give a bonus to buying those cards. I like Theology and Philosophy, which leads to a heavy focus on green (Science) and blue (Arts). Arts contribute to Law and Enlightenment, and Mathematics is needed before you buy either Philosophy or Theology. If you miss out on Roadbuilding and/or Mining (or even Deism), that's not so bad.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryCategories and Bonuses summarizedThis is an attempt to simplify the big confusing chart on the back. It gives the short hand description of the card bonuses, plus some generalizations of the categories.1) MestieriThis category tends to provide military advantages. All give a bonus of 10 towards each other. Lots of cards means this investment pays off more and more over time. The small cards are best left for soaking up spare money.Metal Working adds 20 towards Military, just because.2) ScienzaThis category provides administrative advantages. All give a bonus of 20 towards each other! This is offset by the small number of expensive cards. This is my favorite category.3) ReligioneThe new category (did not exist in Civilization.) The bottom three cards provide incremental protection against one specific tradable disaster (yawn). Larger cards do not provide a bonus towards buying more backward forms of religion. The nice bonus (15) is lessened by this, and by the small number of cards (3). Despite these drawbacks, either Monotheism or Theology make good "target" cards. Note that Crafts give their bonus for Monotheism (the aggressive option) and Sciences add to Theology (the passive option). Note that Arts contribute 10 (not 5) towards Enlightenment. This is overlooked sometimes; Enlightenment is cheaper than you might think.4) ArtiThis category is closely related to the Civics category. There is no easy way to summarize the bonuses (except that all Arts give a paltry 5 bonus towards each other), but the optimal order for buying these is clear.Mysticism is very useful for getting out of the Early Bronze Age.Drama and Poetry has a big (20) bonus for buying Literacy. Literacy is critical for buying larger Civics. Music has a big bonus (20) for Mathematics and Philosophy, both of which are acquired late, so get Drama and Poetry before Music.Architecture gives a very nice 15 bonus for Law, but not Democracy or Philosophy (a change from Civilization.) Literacy gives 25 to Law, Democracy, Philosophy. Drama and Poetry, Music, Architecture give 10 towards Democracy.Mathematics adds 25 (instead of 20) to Philosophy and Theology. Note that Mathematics is the biggest value card that can be purchased without a prerequisite card.The Arts are often overlooked by first-time players. Try to make it a point to buy them earlier than you think you need to. You do not want to get caught without Law in the end game. It is a critical prerequisite.5) CivicaTo get out of the Bronze age, you need one card of each category. Civics is usually the toughest. The choice is basically Literacy or Military. Military is the "rogue" civic. It is very expensive, and provides no bonus for other acquisitions. Purchasing it too early seriously impairs future growth. Arts contribute their 5 bonus towards Law, except that Architecture adds 15 towards Law, and Literacy adds 25 towards Law, Democracy and Philosophy. Crafts contribute their bonus towards Democracy. Sciences contribute their bonus towards Philosophy.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryCivilization Cards Reference45 Ceramica: prendila con gli spiccioli. La necessitࠤi mantenere Grano la rende ancor meno attraente. Ma 蠢uona per i giocatori di testa, che subiscono molti effetti secondari dalle calamit45 Cloth Making: Pick this up with spare money. Can make otherwise unreachable areas available. (Such as the Euxine Sea, for Crete)50 Mysticism: Not critical, but pays for itself if purchased early. A favorite for making the 3 color barrier at the Late Bronze age.60 Music: Can wait, less important than Drama and Poetry. But anything that lessens a Civil War is always worth getting. Civil War is the single scariest calamity.80 Deism: Only for religious fanatics.80 Astronomia: Vedi Tessitura. Per alcune culture, 蠩mperativa per la crescita. Pu򠡮che essere significativa militarmente. Una cultura senza Astronomia pu򠲩spondere soltanto in modo difensivo ad un'invasione dall'oceano.80 Metal Working: The first culture to get this acquires a foul moral odor along with it. This starts the arms race. If your neighbor has it, you'd better get it soon. This weakens Barbarian Hordes.110 Letteratura: da avere se avete intenzione di acquistare una qualsiasi delle grandi carte civiche (tranne Military). Il bonus di 25 punti 蠥norme, soprattutto per l'acquisto di legge, che altrimenti risulta molto costoso. La Letteratura 蠤i solito la carta rossa che si ottiene durante l'Etࠤel Ferro (l'unica altra possibilitࠨ Military).110 Agricoltura: Molto potente militarmente, sia per attacco che per difesa. Critica per le popolazioni con molte aree agricole da 1 punto. Molto economico per quello che fa. Per le popolazioni con grandi aree agricole, questo pu򠥦fettivamente rallentare la crescita, in particolare quando utilizzato in difesa.140 Medicina: riduce l'effetto di una particolarmente brutta calamit஠Rende inoltre possibile ridurre i danni secondari, cosa utile per chi si trovi a condurre la partita.140 Costruzione strade: Qualsiasi popolazione con questa civilizzazione subisce sempre almeno un danno (+5 per la pena di costruzione strade per l'Epidemia, cos쬠6) punti di danno in ogni epidemia. I destinatari diretti di Epidemia ne perdono 21! Questa civilizzazione non va conseguita senza prima aver preso Medicina. Il bonus di movimento 蠯ttimo per le guerre, e utile per la crescita. Non credo che i costi superino i benefici, in particolare per chi si trova in testa al gioco.150 Illuminismo: Prerequisito per le grandi religioni. Fornisce l'interessante opzione di acquisizione della Superstizione da una cultura ancora vulnerabile ad essa. Per un prezzo, ovviamente.Legge 170: Propedeutica per la Democrazia e la Filosofia. Ha un effetto benefico su alcune calamitࠤifficili. Non bisognerebbe aspettare troppo a lungo per acquistarla. Come per tutte carte propedeutiche bisogna esserne in possesso all'inizio del turno per essere in grado di acquistare le carte dipendenti (Democrazia e Filosofia).180 Mining: Una volta ottenuta questa carta, mantenere almeno 6 cittࠨper il bronzo e l'argento). Le culture che hanno accesso a citt࠳u grandi aree e che possono essere ridotte durante la rivolta degli schiavi faranno meglio a produrre un sacco di agricoltori per il sostegno delle citt200 Democracy: Buona difesa contro la peggiore calamit220 Monoteismo: ci si fa un sacco di nemici.230 Matematica: punti bonus per Teologia e Filosofia.240 Filosofia: Ha un effetto strano su di Civil Wars. Una volta che si ottiene questa, restare grandi. Pu򠤥vastare una piccola cultura.250 Teologia: Interrompe Monoteismo. Fornisce il massimo punteggio per una singola carta Civilizzazione. Difesa meravigliosa contro una rara (fino alla fine del gioco), ma brutta calamitࠣon effetti secondari. La mia carta "obiettivo" preferita.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryCulture Reference: An analysis of culture specific challengesAfricaShort on farmland, and limited in potential city sites, Africa is the most cramped culture in the game. The best solution is to focus on military might. Blast into targets of opportunity which border your seas. You must win your Punic Wars. Civ card priority: Agriculture, Metalworking, Coinage, Military, Architecture, Astronomy, Engineering, Drama and Poetry / Music to counterbalance Military, Clothmaking. "Target" card Democracy.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryIberiaA surplus of farmland, with a limited number of vulnerable coastal city sites, Iberia is vulnerable to sea invasions in the south. Overstack coastal farmland to defend it. Grab as many coastal areas as possible. This is to stop an invader from killing all your coastal farmers, thus leaving your cities defenseless. If this happens, during calamity resolution, reduce your largest coastal cities to generate troops on the coast.You have more opportunity to build wasteland cities than any other culture. Coinage lets you get maximum farmers into play. Architecture is obvious. Agriculture lets you stack 2 in a one, growing to 4, which makes it much easier to concentrate the needed farmers. Use the English coast for wasteland cities. Use wasteland cities to seal the border with Illyria. Civ card priority: Coinage, Architecture, Agriculture.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryItaliaIf Illyria and Africa are in play, you must move them east. See the description for Africa. You'll need to cut some deals to succeed. If Illyria is not in play, Syracuse or Corinth must be your 7th city site. You must get one of these; Corinth is probably easier, as Africa can't afford to yield any sites. Buy "space expander" civ cards.Civ card priority: Metalworking, Coinage, Military, Agriculture, Engineering, Clothmaking, Drama and Poetry, Architecture, Law. "Target" card Monotheism.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryIlliriaYour city site goals vary greatly depending on which other cultures are active. Don't let Iberia into Rome. Don't let Africa into Campania. Don't let Thrace into Illyricum. Charge down into the Greek city sites and grab what you can. Corinth is the most defensible. Try for 8 sites; you've got a tough AST and a tough board position. Experienced players should cut you some slack, as Illyria is easy to jump if leading late in the game. For this reason, you must disguise your Civ card total as much as possible. Be a "snake in the grass". Arrange to be in 3rd or 4th place going into the last turn. One way to hurt your Civ card total is with an early purchase of Military, since it gives no future bonuses. Don't use it offensively. Use it to discourage attacks against you. Make all your neighbors feel safe. Be nice to Civil War recipients, rather than trying to poach their territory. Concentrate on a "win by trading better" strategy. You have lousy borders; war is not your friend.Civ card priority, DEFENSE!: Coinage, Metalworking, Agriculture, Engineering, Drama and Poetry, Military, Medicine, Mysticism, Pottery, Music, Enlightenment. Target Theology and Philosophy.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryTraciaA similar problem to Iberia, though with more options. You are short on defensible city sites. Crete should be willing to cede Chalcis and Eretria; if not, insist. This is worth turns of warfare if necessary. Take your 7th city from someone who can afford it. Long term, you should take all of the areas adjacent to the Black Sea. [A popular, different opinion suggests moving for the Black Sea right away, and building more wasteland cities, because the island of Euboa (Chalcis and Eretria) is difficult to defend against a determined assault.]Sea mobility is the best way to defend your cities, so Astronomy and Clothmaking are key once your opponents have extra farmers for foreign adventures. Coinage helps a lot in manipulating your size so you can move later in the round. Grab as many coasts as you can.Don't let the east remain unpressured. If you do not force the east militarily, they will have a comfortable amount of resources, and a big advantage as a result.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryCretaAn excellent culture for an experienced player. Wins a lot, but has some challenges. Your opening five moves are designed to get as many farmers off the island as you can, as cheaply as possible. So, build until there are 4 farmers on Phaestos and Knossus. Spend 2 from Knossus to build a ship. Pick up 1 of those, and the 4 from Phaestos, and drop 1 in Argos, 2 in Athens, and 2 in Delphi. (Sparta - Corinth - Delphi works fine, too.) Next turn, grow and expand. Next turn, build cities in Sparta and Argos. Any other Minoan opening (such as east) is too slow and doesn't generate the cities needed to pay for all those boats.You spend a lot on boats, which costs some purchases of 9 trade cards during the game. As compensation, you've got plenty of city sites, and a nice central position which is relatively defensible. If you are visibly ahead late in the game you'll get jumped, so work the meta-game carefully (snake in the grass). Also, try to pick up some inland cities somewhere. Shifting into the Black Sea is radical, but can sometimes work.Other than Astronomy and Agriculture, Civ card needs are standard. Military is nice, for the defense. Target Theology and Philosophy.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryAsiaCramped starting position, tough AST. Be aggressive about grabbing territory. Demand 7 or 8 city sites. Bounce (fail to advance on the AST) if you must, to secure them. You have trouble establishing defensible borders. If you can arrange for them, suffer the pain necessary to do it. Your game plan depends upon which cultures are active, but few of the options are palatable. Tough culture. Makes a good handicap for the strongest player. You also have to help control Babylon.Civ card priority: Metalworking, Coinage, Military, Engineering, Mysticism, Drama and Poetry, Agriculture, Medicine, RoadBuilding(!), Architecture, Enlightenment, Architecture.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryAssiriaGood culture; wins a lot. You own the Levant. Charge south as fast as you can. Build boats to speed you on your way. Chase any pushy Egyptians out of Jerusalem and Jericho. Keep Babylonians out of Syria. Let Babylon get the "shield wall" of Nineveh - Carrhae - Mari. Protects you, too, just keep them on the other side! Dominate Armenia if you can. You've got just enough city sites and farmland to make a successful culture, with obvious and defensible borders.Civ card priority: standard. You have no pressing needs based on board position. What a luxury. Optimize.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryBabiloniaYou've got an impenetrable corner, 7 city sites, plenty of farmland, a couple of likely spots for wasteland cities, and you're late on the AST. If you don't win, what is your excuse? Unless they pick on you. They certainly should.Civ card priority: Engineering. Then standard, leaning on defense. You are the de facto front runner until another appears. Like Egypt, you'll need to bounce once leaving the Stone Age, it costs too much in future growth to build those 2 cities. You might even consider bouncing twice. Gets you out of that front runner status for a while, lets you grow faster.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryEgittoEnough city sites, and just enough farmland, once you get Agriculture. Your northern coast is vulnerable to sea attacks against your farmers, so overstack them. If you can, take other farmland around the eastern Med (like Cyprus), to give you alternative sources of troops.Open in Upper Egypt, then through the Eastern Desert and Sinai. Grab as much of the Levant as you can, and make Assyria chase you out. Africa needs Cyrena much more than you do, so it is unlikely to be worth fighting him for it. Buy your flood insurance, plant your crops, and turtle. Get Mining as soon as you can. Your big cities make you much less susceptible to the Slave Revolt.Civ card priority: Engineering, Mysticism, Agriculture, Coinage, Mining(!), Metalworking, Astronomy, Medicine, Architecture, Drama and Poetry, Literacy, Enlightenment. Only buy Military when others force it upon you.New Players Advice: Strategy For New Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryConclusioneI hope this helps new players get more enjoyment out of their first game. It is a lot of information, but then, this is a long game. If you are going to spend that many hours playing it, spending a few more minutes preparing, and having a reference available, might be worth it. Enjoy!RiconoscimentiSpecial thanks to Steve Kishi, Michael Gacsaly, Clint Boswell, David Dill, Eben Sprinsock, Jim Lindsay, Carl Langford and Greg Williamson for their contributions to our joint understanding of this game.Thanks also to Jennifer and Bruce for helping to make the "Advanced" in Civilization such a good game!New Players Advice: Strategy For Experienced Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomerySuggestions for Players with a bit of experience playing Advanced Civilizationby Edward (Edge) Montgomery with contributions from Phillip Van AkenNew Players Advice: Strategy For Experienced Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryIntroduzioneThis is a companion to Suggestions for Players new to Advanced Civilization. New players in any game typically concentrate on making legal moves, and avoiding obvious mistakes. After a game or two, a player has enough familiarity with the game to benefit from a more detailed examination of the possibilities. The subjects herein are in roughly increasing order of complexity.In the course of this article, I use the masculine form of pronouns, for convenience. Please view them as gender-neutral.New Players Advice: Strategy For Experienced Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryInvading Babylon by waterNote that you can build a boat in Armenia, and ship farmers past the city in Nineveh to Elam. If any survive, drop into Babylonia, and wait for a Flood. The threat of this move should impel the Babylonian to occupy Armenia if possible.New Players Advice: Strategy For Experienced Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryWasteland CitiesSince they cost so much to replace, wasteland cities should be positioned to minimize the chance of loss during calamities. Some calamities are unavoidable, of course. For those, argue that "we are all better off with a larger map", as wasteland cities ease the pressure everyone feels for city sites. That might work on a neighbor. Otherwise, threaten reprisals, whine, etc.Ma alcune calamit࠳ono evitabili grazie ad una pianificazione accurata. Consideriamo Terremoto, Orde Barbariche e Pirateria. Provate a mettere le vostre cittࠤi frontiera non adiacenti a cittࠡvversarie, o alle vostre aree di partenza, o alle aree di partenza di altri giocatori, e lontano dal mare. Una volta che avete l'Ingegneria potete naturalmente ignorare il primo problema.New Players Advice: Strategy For Experienced Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryTargeting FarmersAlways keep a close count on the city support your neighbors need. If they optimize too closely, make them pay. Move the border towards them. They are low on farmers, and (now) further away.Some cultures have vulnerable city sites, because they have trouble getting enough farmers near them. Iberia has a severe problem in this regard. Thrace has trouble with this, too. It is usually better to attack these vulnerable, coastal farmers first. With control of those coasts, several cities become indefensible.Egypt is vulnerable to a similar problem. Kill all of its coastal farmers, and it cannot mount an offensive in response. Plus, it has trouble defending the Nile delta.New Players Advice: Strategy For Experienced Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryCracking CitiesIt is often a good idea to crack a city using 11 tokens (plus or minus any Engineering differential), to be able to build a city of your own on that site immediately. This presumes that the site in question is on a border defensible by both parties, so that you both want it.It is very tough to crack a city unless you move after the owner. Failing that, it is best if your opponent is short on farmers to support cities. You can of course induce such a shortage by killing as many farmers as you can that are near the city you want. Then, even if you fail to take it this turn, he may lack the farmers to defend it next turn.If you can't wait, attack with an 11 stack, as above. Then your opponent has to pay 6 farmers to kill 11 (which is better than 2 to kill 7), or 2 to kill 1 and prevent your building a city. If you've got Architecture, this choice get tougher, as it costs 5 to stop the city rebuild.It is most sweet to crack a city when the owner has no tokens left in stock. If you get this chance, DON'T attack any of those farmers. That way, when the city dies, no defenders appear. This leaves you with enough tokens remaining to rebuild the city that turn.Conversely, if you see someone doing this, you can interfere with his plan by killing a couple of the farmers of the culture being attacked, to put them into stock as defenders.New Players Advice: Strategy For Experienced Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryCalamitYou should always play with the Stoic option, to have every calamity take effect. Otherwise, a player who gets a bad non-tradable (Civil War) will collect as many other calamities as possible, and hope to get lucky. Yuck.Encouraging CalamitiesIf you are the smallest player, consider hoarding Oil and Grain, to increase the frequency at which Civil War appears. Similar strategies can work nicely if you are well-defended against a particular calamity, and others are not.If you are in Egypt, you want Mining. If you have got Mining, you want to collect 6s (Bronze and Silver.) If you are collecting 6s, you will want to get Medicine, because you know a lot of Epidemics are coming.Counting; Ducking CalamitiesOkay, this is a controversial topic. The reason for the controversy: counting is unfair, and boring. Many players don't bother, so this gives an "unfair" advantage to those who do.But if you play the game as written, it makes a lot of sense to count the cards in the trade stacks. Knowing where the non-tradable calamities are can affect city building. It can make sense to forego a city build if that means you miss drawing Flood and Epidemic as Babylon. Just because you stacked 6 high doesn't mean you have to build the city. This phase is resolved in AST order, so the later cultures have an advantage. This should give them a substantial benefit in calamity avoidance. Civil War is particularly devastating on the last turn of the game; being less subject to it gives a culture a much better chance of winning.You can play with honorable opponents, and agree not to count.You can maintain a public count, so at least everyone has the same information. Try this sometime. It is shocking how often it makes sense to duck building a city! And it adds some excitement to a phase which is normally dull, if everyone can see what is coming.House rules abound to avoid this. A common one is shuffling 3 cards in with the non-tradables as they are put on the bottom. This is imperfect, and increases the rate at which calamities appear.One variant I like (suggested by Shadow, in a thread on rec.games.board) is to shuffle all trade cards as they are drawn. That is, determine how many 7s (say) are being drawn by all players combined. Draw that many, shuffle them, hand them out. To cut down on errors, I find it works best to put all the drawn cards in rows (for players) and columns (value of trade card), and draw them all before anyone picks them up. Gives you a chance to catch the inevitable mistakes before the cards are examined by anyone.Dirty Tricks - dumping tradable calamitiesIf you want to aim a particular calamity at a particular player, listen to what he is accumulating, and make sure to have one. Also try to make sure he doesn't run out of things you want. "I've got a silver, and I want a wine for it. I'll get back to you." When your victim is all out of other things, make the trade and include your gift. When your victims catch on to this ploy, an amusing variation is to pretend to be willing to make such a trade, then don't. Leaves him holding the gift he saved for you. (I learned both of these the hard way! Thank you so much, Greg W.)Sometimes it makes sense to work a double trade, when exchanging a large number of cards. That is, two prearranged trades in a row with the same player. This works nicely if you've got 2 calamities to dump. Drop the little one into the first trade. Your erstwhile friend is saving a gift for the second trade, since he doesn't want to include it in the first one and then get it back. He frowns, shrugs, and concludes the deal, sending back a calamity. You hand over the bigger one of yours.New Players Advice: Strategy For Experienced Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryGestire le CalamitYou must learn how to deal with calamities. Saving a few farmers a turn adds up to a big advantage. Know which calamities will hurt you badly, and which won't. You'll have to make quick decisions during trading, so this needs to be second nature.Vulnerability varies based on your board position. Know how many extra farmers you have for city support. Know if you have big or small city sites that you can afford to reduce. Know if your neighbors are being hit hard this turn, too. Know how many cities you need to advance this turn.Vulcano:whatever.Terremoto:Don't build wasteland cities next to opponents cities.Tradimento:Don't take a city you can't defend, it could cost you a card. Unless you're sure you can lose it in a later calamity, of course. But some cultures have cities that are hard to retake. Like, Thebes, if there is a city in Buhen. Aim at a player who is unlikely to be able to afford the troops to crack the city next turn, due to heavy losses this turn.Carestia:Pick on the leaders, and Babylon, with secondary damage. If there is a Civil War this turn, see if the victim of it will make a deal where you give him maximum secondary damage (for a price). This is good for the victim (assuming he's big enough for the Civil War to hurt, and smaller than double the number of tokens being selected) as you are in effect killing bad guys in his midst. You might also be able to use the secondary damage to manipulate who is the recipient of the Civil War. This can have profound political impact. Weaken a neighbor, or draw a neighbor into a foreign war, ...SuperstizioneAs Famine, though less so, regarding impact on Civil War. A player with Civil War (and not Enlightenment) will often ask to trade for Superstition. Players with Enlightenment can sometimes trade away a calamity to take Superstition, such as Barbarian Hordes to Crete.Guerra Civile:Potentially, getting this card can cost you the game. Early or late, it really cuts down on your build momentum. If you count the trade cards in no other stack, you should count the 4s, and adjust your city builds to avoid the Civil War. Of course, if you are small enough, no worries. Buy Drama +ACY-amp; Poetry and Music as soon as you can.Once you have got a Civil War (and are big enough to care), there is still some wiggle room. Try to trade for Superstition, and cut a deal with anyone suffering Famine. Better dead than an enemy in your midst, and better to lose farmers than cities. Farmers can leave, and ususally will, if there are no cities to defend. Try to trade Epidemic to the player who is going to be the recipient. Risky, but if it works, the losses should come from your area. Encourage a victim ofFamine to use those losses to manipulate who the Civil War recipient will be (such as the victim of Epidemic). Often, players are happy to balance out losses in this way. Volunteer to take a Treachery. Losing a single city (hopefully, of your choice, in a deal) to a different player than the recipient is better than losing everything to one opponent. If you are dealt Treachery, keep it. Reduction is your friend.Whatever you do, do not eat any tradable calamities that hit after Civil War. A one-two punch can really be devastating. Stop trading once you have arranged the calamities to your liking. Do not worry about making money the turn you draw Civil War.Hang onto defensible border cities. Keep wasteland cities if you can. Try to deal with the recipient - it isn't always wonderful to get extra units elsewhere. Watch out for picking all cities, then having the recipient do the same, so you are left with a choice between a faction of cities and a faction of farmers. Know what your recipient needs, and factor that into your picks.As Iberia (with 8 cities), I once cut a deal with Illyria to take and keep forever 4 wasteland cities of mine (2 on our German border, 2 in Britain). I was set up to build more cities (Agriculture, Architecture, Coinage), and had space to do so. This deal stabilized our border, and bought me a friend. It made the map bigger for him, so he had less incentive to attack me for city squares. I had no reason to break the deal, and did not. I recovered fully from the Civil War in 2 turns.This calamity is going to hurt, but with very careful management, it can be mitigated. (Except on the last turn (see comments about card counting, above).)Rivolta degli schiavi:If there is an Epidemic, flip all but one token (revolting slaves) in each farmer stack. You want to lose rebels to sickness, not the farmers supporting your cities. So the one that survives the Epidemic better be loyal.Alluvione:By the time it hits, there isn't much left to do. In combination with other calamities, be sure to leave at least 1 unit to be wiped out by the Flood, or you will lose another city.Orde Barbariche:If you end up in someone else's starting area, that player can trade for the Hordes intentionally, to hurt you. Try to sell this card to Crete if that makes sense. But first be sure you know how much it will hurt you. If the Horde will hit big areas, one city that is easy to rebuild, and you have Metalworking, don't sweat it.Epidemia:Until players get Medicine, the secondary damage can have a big impact. Use it wisely. Dumping on someone hurting (like a player who just ate a Civil War) can remove one opponent from the running. Taking someone out is always worth it. (This assumes group dynamics which tolerate putting a friend in a losing position for many hours.) Always take your losses from stacks taller than 2 first (new players miss this) to optimize population growth next year. If you are losing more cities to bigger calamities, leave the cities with bigger population limits to be reduced. Epidemic doesn't care about the population limit. If you are losing cities to Piracy, leave the ones you want to lose standing, and infect the ones you want to keep.Civil Disorder:Like Epidemic, in regards to Piracy.Iconoclastia ed Eresia:nothing unique.Pirateria:As noted above, if you are taking other losses this round, it can make sense to destroy a city to save it. Pirate cities are expensive to kill and rebuild. For your secondary damage, you can pick cities near your borders. That neighbor will then have other things to do with extra troops than leaning on you. You can pick cities which are hard to rebuild. Or you can pick cities which are, or should be, disputed, to encourage conflict among others.New Players Advice: Strategy For Experienced Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryMeta-game : Comments by Benjamin Foy in rec.games.board 15 Dec 1998To consistently win Advanced Civilization in all groups you must "read" the group. There are two philosophies of play in Advanced Civilization. One is the "balance of power" philosophy. The other is the "perfect civilization" philosophy. If most the players are playing "balance of power" then playing a "perfect civilization" is disastrous because you will be a leader (i.e. targetous maximus). If most players are playing "perfect civilization" then playing "balance of power" will be disastrous because you will fall too far behind the pack.Getting complete sets is important if you are playing the "perfect civilization" strategy but is bad in a "balance of power" group.Note: that the last turn or two of a "balance of power" game turns into a "perfect civilization" game. Players, that didn't previously want to be in the lead, all of a sudden start playing to be in the lead. And the last turn or two of a "perfect civilization" game turns into a "balance of power" game. Players are not concerned anymore about their long term position and start trying to pull down the leaders.An expert has to play both styles well.New Players Advice: Strategy For Experienced Players by Edward "Edge" MontgomeryConclusioneOnce you have got all this down, many people believe that Advanced Civilization comes down to a trading game. That is, the best trader wins. There is a lot of truth to that, but being the best trader requires split-second assessment of many factors, not just the value of the sets being acquired.Recovery from calamities is also a critical skill.Then, of course, once you get really good, you encounter the problem of trade embargoes. The worst part is, group dynamics are such that once an embargo is in place, it is usually kept for too long, that is, until the target has no hope of winning. While this appears to offer a disincentive to master the tactics of this game, let me offer the following thoughts on how to deal with embargoes:1. Non giocare con persone che impongono queste cose (Beh, si pu򠳯gnare).2. La maggior parte dei giocatori aborriscono l'idea di handicap (tranne i giocatori di Go). Cercate di convincere i vostri avversari ad evitare un embargo.3. Attack cities under construction (as the cheapest way to hurt someone). Crack cities. Do whatever you have to, until he breaks. Once one member of the coalition starts trading with you, it should crumble.As to balance of power, and the meta-game, well, you are on your own there!RiconoscimentiSpecial thanks to Steve Kishi, Michael Gacsaly, Clint Boswell, David Dill, Eben Sprinsock, Jim Lindsay, Carl Langford and Greg Williamson for their contributions to our joint understanding of this game.Thanks also to Jennifer and Bruce for helping to make the "Advanced" in Civilization such a good game!Edward "Edge" MontgomeryPdf ScaricabiliIntroduzione al gioco1. INTRODUZIONE1.1 ADVANCED CIVILIZATION 蠵n gioco di abilit࠰er 2-8 giocatori che copre lo sviluppo delle antiche civiltࠤall'invenzione dell'agricoltura alla nascita di Roma come potenza dominante del Mediterraneo - un arco di quasi 8000 anni. Ogni giocatore guida il popolo di una nazione su un tabellone che comprende il Mediterraneo e il Vicino Oriente, nel tentativo di ritagliarsi una nicchia per se stessi e la loro cultura.Descrizione del gioco2. SVOLGIMENTO DEL GIOCO2.1 L'obiettivo di ADVANCED CIVILIZATION 蠡cquisire il maggior numero di punti vittoria (35). Il vincitore non sar࠮ecessariamente il primo giocatore a raggiungere la fine della Tabella di Successione Archeologica (AST), o il giocatore con il maggior numero di punti dalle Carte Civilizzazione, anche se questi sono fattori importanti per determinare il vincitore. Le Carte Civilizzazione sono acquisite mediante un processo graduale che rispecchia l'effettivo sviluppo delle civilt2.8 La ricchezza ottenuta con il commercio pu򠥳sere utilizzati per promuovere vari aspetti della civilizzazione di una nazione, e di conseguenza il suo ulteriore progresso. Le Carte Civilizzazione conferiscono abilit࠳peciali e immunitࠡi loro possessori, e forniscono anche ai giocatori i punti di cui hanno bisogno per progredire lungo la Tabella di Successione Archeologica (AST) e vincere. La velocitࠥ l'efficienza con cui una nazione 蠩n grado di sviluppare i vari aspetti della propria civiltࠤetermineranno le possibilitࠤi successo e la vittoria nel gioco. La pianificazione strategica 蠥ssenziale, in quanto alcune Carte Civilizzazione sono molto costose e per il loro acquisto un giocatore dovrࠤi norma accumulare crediti da una serie di carte meno costose. Ad esempio, il costo della Democracy (Democrazia) (200) pu򠥳sere ridotta di 45 punti con il possesso di Drama and Poetry (Teatro e Poesia), Architecture (Architettura), e Literacy (Alfabetizzazione).Componenti del GiocoII. COMPONENTI DEL GIOCOCOMPONENTIIl gioco consiste dei seguenti componenti:B. Nove gruppi di segnalini da gioco.C. 24 Carte Civilizzazione (8 per ogni tipo).E. Mazzo di 12 Carte Calamit஠Otto sono incluse in ADVANCED CIVILIZATION.F. La Scheda di Successione Archeologica (che include la Tabella di Successione Archeologica (A.S.T.), la Tabella del Censimento (Census Track) e gli alloggiamenti per i mazzi di Carte Commercio).G. Otto Schede Giocatore.H. Carte Posizione.I. Il Manuale del Regolamento e Guida per il Giocatore.J. Un Riassunto degli effetti delle CalamitK. Civilization Card Credit Table, printed on the back of the rulebook.3.2 ADVANCED CIVILIZATION is played using the original mapboard, player mats, place cards, and some of the trade cards, from the original CIVILIZATION game, as well as the new civilization, commodity and calamity cards, and rules contained in this ADVANCED CIVILIZATION expansion kit. Players may wish to photocopy the new sequence of play (page 7) to add to their player mats.In ADVANCED CIVILIZATION non si utilizzano dadi.4. LA MAPPA4.1 La Mappa 蠣ostituita da quattro pannelli che forniscono una versione stilizzata del mondo civilizzato antico dall'Italia fino al Golfo Persico. Pu򠥳sere utilizzato un quinto pannello, l'Estensione Occidentale, anche se non 蠩ndispensabile per giocare a ADVANCED CIVILIZATION. La mappa 蠳tata suddivisa in AREE ai fini della popolazione e il movimento. Queste aree contengono elementi centrali per il gioco.4.2 Territori:4.22 Water areas consist of any area containing blue. Areas which contain both green or brown territory and blue are considered to be both land and water areas.4.23 Le AREE DI MARE APERTO sono Aree di Mare contenenti solo territorio blu.4.24 Le AREE COSTIERE sono quelle che contengono sia Terra che Mare, ma non i laghi.4.3 Confini:4.31 I CONFINI DI TERRA sono rappresentati da una linea bianca che divide due Aree di Terra.4.32 I CONFINI DI MARE sono rappresentati da una linea bianca che divide due Aree di Mare, laghi inclusi.4.33 Un confine che attraversi sia la terra che il mare 蠣onsiderato sia Confine di Terra che Confine di Mare. Se le regole fanno riferimento a confini solo di Terra o solo di Mare, si utilizzano i termini Confini di SOLA TERRA o di SOLO MARE.4.4 Caratteristiche geografiche4.41 I VULCANI sono rappresentati da triangoli bianchi. Uno dei vulcani, nell'Egeo, occupa un'Area. Gli altri due vulcani, in Sicilia e in Italia, si trovano a cavallo fra due aree.4.42 Le PIANURE ALLUVIONALI sono rappresentate da una colorazione verde scura. Qualsiasi Area che contenga tale colorazione verde scura 蠤a considerarsi su una Pianura Alluvionale.4.43 I SITI CITTADINI sono rappresentati da piccole quadrati. La maggior parte dei Siti Cittadini sono neri. I Siti Cittadini bianchi si trovano su Pianure Alluvionali e sono vulnerabili alle Alluvioni.4.5 I LIMITI DI POPOLAZIONE delle Aree di Terra sono indicati da un numero racchiuso in un circolino colorato. Questi numeri indicano il numero massimo di pedine che la zona pu򠯳pitare. Per facilitarne l'identificazione, ogni valore ha un proprio colore.4.6 Le AREE DI PARTENZA per ogni Nazione sono indicate da un bordo colorato. All'inizio del gioco, i giocatori possono piazzare la loro pedina iniziale solo in un'Area di Partenza che abbia un bordo dello stesso colore della pedina stessa. Le Aree di Partenza di Creta sono indicate da un bordo giallo-verde intorno all'isola di Creta.4.61 Se si utilizza la mappa dell'Estensione Occidentale, le aree di partenza sul bordo occidentale della Mappa originale vengono ignorati. Le Aree di Partenza per l'Africa e per l'Italia vengono alterate di conseguenza.Tutte le altre caratteristiche della Mappa sono state incluse a scopo estetico e non hanno alcun impatto sul gioco.5. PEZZI DEL GIOCO5.1 Ci sono nove gruppi di segnalini, ciascuno dei quali porta un colore nazionale distintivo. Ogni gruppo contiene 55 grandi Pedine quadrate, nove Citt࠲otonde, quattro Navi rettangolari, un piccolo Segnalino Censimento quadrato con stampato un numero, e un piccolo Segnalino Avanzamento quadrato.5.2 Le PEDINE sono quadrate, e vengono utilizzate per rappresentare le popolazioni rurali. Quando viene utilizzato il termine Pedina, non ci si riferisce mai alle navi o alle citt5.3 Le CITTA' sono rotonde, e vengono utilizzate per rappresentare la popolazione urbana.5.4 Le NAVI sono rettangolari, e vengono utilizzate per spostare le Pedine attraverso le Aree di Mare.5.5 UNITA' 蠵n termine usato in riferimento alle Pedine e alle Cittଠma non alle Navi.5,6 PUNTI UNITA' 蠵n termine utilizzato per riferirsi al valore delle Pedine e delle Cittଠdi solito durante la risoluzione di Calamit஠Ogni Cittࠨa un valore di cinque Punti Unitࠥ ogni Pedina ha un valore di un Punto Unit6. CARTE CIVILIZZAZIONE6.1 Le CARTE CIVILIZZAZIONE rappresentano 24 aspetti importanti della civilizzazione. Ci sono cinque gruppi di Carte Civilizzazione, ciascuno identificato da un proprio colore e da una forma. Quattro carte appartengono a due gruppi. I gruppi sono: Arts (Arti; blu - triangolo), Crafts (Professioni; arancione - quadrato), Sciences (Scienze; verde - cerchio), Civics (Societ໠rosso - esagono) e Religion (Religione; giallo - stella).6.2 Qualora gli attributi di una Carta Civilizzazione costituiscano un'eccezione ad una regola generale, queste eccezioni sono indicate in corsivo. Gli attributi delle varie Carte Civilizzazione sono riassunti sul retro delle carte stesse.7. CARTE COMMERCIO7.1 Ci sono due tipi di CARTE COMMERCIO: CARTE MERCI e CARTE CALAMITA'. Il termine Carta Commercio viene utilizzato in riferimento ad entrambi i tipi di carta. Regole che si riferiscano specificatamente a Carte Merci o a Carte Calamit࠳i applicano solo a quei tipi di carta.8. CARTE MERCI8.1 Ci sono 114 Carte Merci. Nella tabella seguente sono indicati i valori e le quantitࠤi ogni tipo di merce: Valore Merce Quantit1 Ocre 71 Pelli 72 Ferro* 82 Papiro* 73 Sale 93 Legname* 84 Grano 84 Olio* 75 Cloth 75 Vino* 66 Bronzo 66 Argento* 57 Spezie* 67 Resina* 58 Gemme* 58 Tintura* 49 Oro* 59 Avorio* 4* Usare le carte commercio fornite con ADVANCED CIVILIZATION.9. CARTE CALAMITA'9.1 Ci sono 12 Carte Calamit஠Nella seguente tabella 蠩ndicato il mazzo nel quale si trova ogni Calamitࠥ il suo grado di scambiabilitTrade Stack Calamity Trade Status2 Volcano/Earthquake* Non Commerciabile2 Treachery* Commerciabile3 Famine* (carestia) Non commerciabile3 Superstition* Tradable4 Guerra Civile* Non-Commerciabile4 Rivolta degli Schiavi* Commerciabile5 Alluvione* Non-Scambiabile5 Orde Barbariche* Commerciabile6 Epidemia Commerciabile7 Civil Disorder Tradable8 Iconoclasma ed Eresia Commerciabile9 Pirateria Commerciabile* Usare le carte calamitࠦornite con ADVANCED CIVILIZATION.10. TABELLA DI SUCCESSIONE ARCHEOLOGICA10.1 La scheda di Successione Archeologica 蠤ivisa in tre sezioni: la Tabella di Successione Archeologica (AST), gli alloggiamenti per i mazzi di Carte Commercio e la Tabella Censimento.10.2 La Tabella di Successione Archeologica (AST) contiene un percorso orizzontale per ogni Nazione. Il Segnalino Avanzamento di ogni giocatore viene mosso lungo il percorso della sua Nazione da sinistra a destra. Ci sono un totale di sedici spazi in ogni percorso, inclusa la freccia di partenza e la casella finale.10.21 La AST 蠤ivisa in cinque zone (chiamate epoche) di colore di fondo alternato: l'Etࠤella Pietra, la Prima Etࠤel Bronzo, la Tarda Etࠤel Bronzo, la Prima Etࠤel Ferro, e la Tarda Etࠤel Ferro. Nell'ultima epoca, ogni spazio contiene un valore in punti. Tali spazi non possono essere percorsi a meno che il giocatore in questione abbia acquisito il numero indicato di punti (33.25) in Carte Civilizzazione. Non tutte le nazioni percorrono le stesse epoche allo stesso tempo.10.3 Gli alloggiamenti per i mazzi di Carte Commercio sono utilizzati per disporre le varie carte commercio durante il gioco. Ci sono nove alloggiamenti, uno per ogni livello di carta commercio.10.4 La Tabella Censimento viene utilizzata per posizionare il Segnalino Censimento di ogni Nazione. Dopo l'espansione della popolazione, i giocatori contano quante pedine hanno sul tabellone ed il loro Segnalino Censimento viene spostato sul ??corrispondente numero sulla Tabella Censimento.11.SCHEDE GIOCATORE11.1 Le Schede Giocatore vengono utilizzate dai giocatori per tenere tutte le Pedine, le Cittࠥ le Navi che non si trovino attualmente in gioco sulla Mappa. Tali segnalini vengono considerati MAGAZZINO e sono conservati nell'AREA MAGAZZINO della Scheda Giocatore. Quando Pedine, Cittࠥ Navi vengono rimosse dalla mappa esse sono poste nel Magazzino e possono essere riportati in gioco in un secondo momento. Nessun pezzo viene mai rimosso permanentemente dal gioco.11.2 Quando le Pedine vengono messe nell'AREA TESORO della Scheda Giocatore, diventano moneta che pu򠥳sere utilizzata per acquistare Carte Civilizzazione. E' importante non confondere le Pedine nel Magazzino con quelle nel Tesoro, in quanto hanno funzioni separate. Per mantenere questa distinzione, i segnalini collocati nel Tesoro devono essere voltati. La sequenza di gioco non corrisponde esattamente a quella stampata sulle Schede Giocatore - vedi 18.12. CARTE POSIZIONE12.1 Le Carte Posizione vengono usate all'inizio della partita per determinare l'ordine in cui i giocatori scelgono le loro nazioni. Non hanno altro scopo e vengono messi da parte una volta iniziata la partita.13. SINTESI DEGLI EFFETTI DELLE CALAMIT13.1 Questa tabella illustra gli effetti di ogni calamit஠Il Riepilogo degli Effetti delle Calamitࠨ stato stampato separatamente per facilitࠤi consultazione.14. CREDITI PER LE CARTE CIVILIZZAZIONE E SCHEDA PUNTEGGIO14.1 La Tabella dei Crediti per le Carte di Civilizzazione consente di risparmiare una grande quantitࠤi tempo, permettendo ai giocatori di calcolare rapidamente i crediti accumulati per l'acquisto di nuove Carte Civilizzazione.14.2 La Scheda Punteggio fornisce un modo conveniente per i giocatori di registrare i loro acquisti di carte di civilizzazione e di mantenere un totale parziale dei loro punti di Carte Civilizzazione. I giocatori devono mantenere un totale parziale dei valori di Carte Civilizzazione e rivelare questo totale ogni volta gli venga chiesto da un altro giocatore. I giocatori possono decidere di registrare il numero del turno in cui hanno acquistato le loro carte di civilizzazione per riferimento futuro.14.3 Questi aiuti per il giocatore sono stampati sul retro del regolamento. I giocatori dovrebbero fotocopiare la Scheda dei Crediti per le Carte di Civilizzazione e la Tabella Punteggio e tenerne un adeguato quantitativo a portata di mano.Description of Game Set UpIII. INIZIO DEL GIOCO15. PREPARAZIONE DEL GIOCO15.1 Disporre sul tavolo la mappa di gioco e la scheda di Successione Archeologica. Ogni giocatore mette di fronte a s頵na Scheda Giocatore.15.2 Dividere le Carte Civilizzazione per tipo e metterle in un luogo facilmente accessibile. Ordinare le Carte Merci per numero, mescolare ogni mazzetto, quindi per ogni mazzetto dal secondo al nono, contare un numero di Carte Merci pari al numero dei giocatori. Queste verranno messe da parte. Ciascuna delle otto Carte Calamitࠣommerciabili viene poi mescolata con le restanti carte commercio dello stesso valore numerico (cio蠔reachery viene mescolata con Iron e Papyrus, Superstition con Salt e Timber, e cos젶ia), e le Carte Merci prima separate vengono collocate in cima ai corrispondente mazzo di Carte Commercio. Questo garantisce che nessun giocatore peschi calamitࠣommerciabili fino a che il gioco sia ben avviato. Le quattro carte calamit࠮on commerciabili sono poste in fondo alla pila di Carte Commercio corrispondente al loro valore numerico. Il primo mazzo non contiene calamit15.3 Le Carte Posizione numerate vengono mescolate e distribuite una per ciascun giocatore. Vengono utilizzate per determinare l'ordine di selezione delle civiltࠤa parte dei giocatori. In sequenza, ogni giocatore sceglie una delle nove civiltଠprende il gruppo di pedine di gioco corrispondente alla civilt࠳celta e posiziona una pedina di popolazione in una delle aree di partenza della sua civilt(4.6). Ogni nazione pu򠳣egliere tra vari territori di inizio, tranne la Tracia, la cui area di inizio 頦issa.15.4 I giocatori piazzano i loro Segnalini Avanzamento sulla freccia di partenza della loro civilt࠳ulla AST ed i loro Segnalini Censimento sulla pista Censimento accanto alla AST. La partita pu򠯲a cominciare.15.5 Ingressi a partita iniziata:15.51 I giocatori che desiderano partecipare a una partita giࠩniziata possono farlo selezionando una civilt࠮on utilizzata ed attendendo una Civil War (Guerra Civile).15.52 Quando si verifica una Guerra Civile, il nuovo giocatore sarࠩl beneficiario, dato che egli avrࠩl maggior numero di Punti Unitࠩn Magazzino (30.411). Oltre alle Cittࠥ alle Pedine acquisite sulla Mappa a causa della Guerra Civile, la nuova Nazione acquisisce anche, senza alcun costo, le stesse Carte Civilizzazione detenute dalla vittima della Guerra Civile, e piazza il suo Segnalino Avanzamento sulla stessa posizione AST della vittima della Guerra Civile. La vittima della guerra civile mantiene le sue Carte Civilizzazione. Questa acquisizione delle Carte Civilizzazione e della posizione AST da parte del beneficiario di una Guerra Civile si verifica solo quando entra in gioco un nuovo giocatore.15.6 Abbandoni:15.61 Se un giocatore deve lasciare il gioco quando questo 蠡ncora in corso, le sue Unit࠲imangono, inerti, sulla mappa fino a che non siano eliminate da altri giocatori. La nazione inerte non muove, la sua popolazione non aumenta, e le sue citt࠮on hanno bisogno di supporto. Tale Nazione non pu򠥳sere scelta come vittima secondaria di calamit15.62 Quando un giocatore lascia il gioco, la sua Nazione conserva, a caso, una Carta Commercio per ogni Cittࠣhe ha sulla Mappa. Le Carte Commercio in eccesso vengono messe nel mazzo di Carte Commecio appropriato. Quando una Cittࠡppartenente alla nazione inerte viene eliminata, il giocatore attaccante pesca una delle Carte Commercio in possesso di quella nazione e saccheggia la Cittࠨ24.5).15.63 Una nazione inerte conserva le sue Carte Civilizzazione. Quando si risolvono attacchi contro la Nazione inerte, vengono presi in considerazione gli attributi di tali Carte Civilizzazione.16. IL NUMERO DI GIOCATORI16.1 ADVANCED CIVILIZATION si gioca da due a otto giocatori. A seconda del numero di giocatori, l'Area di Gioco, il numero di Pedine per giocatore e certe regole sono diverse, come indicato di seguito. Salvo diversa indicazione, tutte le altre regole rimangono in vigore.16.11 Quando una partita viene giocata solo su una parte della Mappa, le Aree di Territoriali che si trovino solo parzialmente su quella parte di Mappa possono essere utilizzate soltanto se il loro limite di popolazione 蠳tampato su un pannello in gioco. Un'Area di Terra che normalmente contiene un Sito Cittadino viene considerata senza Sito Cittadino se il sito stesso 蠳tampato su un pannello che non 蠩n gioco.16.12 Nazioni le cui Aree di Partenza sono su un pannello che non 蠩n gioco, non possono essere selezionate. Se il pannello dell'Espansione Occidentale non 蠩n gioco, le Aree di Partenza per l'Africa e l'Italia vengono modificate di conseguenza.16.2 Otto giocatori - Si utilizzano tutti e quattro pannelli della Mappa. Se l'Estensione Occidentale 蠤isponibile, pu򠥳sere utilizzata. Ogni giocatore usa 47 Pedine.16.3 Sette giocatori - Vengono utilizzati tutti e quattro pannelli della Mappa. Se l'Espansione Occidentale 蠤isponibile, pu򠥳sere utilizzato. Ogni giocatore usa 55 Pedine.16.6 Quattro giocatori - Vengono utilizzati solo i tre pannelli Orientali della mappa, e la linea tratteggiata di divisione segna il limite occidentale del tabellone. Possono essere utilizzate le Aree di Mare Aperto che contengono la linea di demarcazione. Solo quattro nazioni (Egitto, Babilonia, Assiria e Asia) sono disponibili per il gioco. Se l'Espansione Occidentale 蠤isponibile, pu򠩮vece essere utilizzata la parte occidentale della Mappa, con cinque nazioni (Italia, Africa, Illiria, Tracia e Creta) disponibili per il gioco. In entrambi i casi, ogni giocatore utilizza 55 Pedine.16.7 Tre giocatori - Solo i tre pannelli centrali della Mappa vengono utilizzati, e la linea tratteggiata di divisione segna il limite orientale del tabellone. Possono essere utilizzate le Aree di Mare Aperto che contengono la linea di demarcazione. Solo cinque nazioni (Italia, Africa, Illiria, Tracia e Creta) sono disponibili per il gioco. Ogni giocatore usa 47 Pedine.16.8 Due giocatori - Solo i tre pannelli centrali della Mappa vengono utilizzati, e la linea tratteggiata di divisione segna il limite orientale del tabellone. Possono essere utilizzate le Aree di Mare Aperto che contengono la linea di demarcazione. I Siti Cittadini sulle isole vengono trascurati - 12 Pedine sono necessarie per costruire una Citt࠳u un'isola. Solo quattro nazioni (Italia, Africa, Illiria e Tracia) sono disponibili per il gioco. Ogni giocatore usa 55 Pedine.Description of Game Turns and Sequence of PlayIV. TURNO PER TURNO17. IL TURNO DI GIOCO17.1 Ogni turno di ADVANCED CIVILIZATION 蠤iviso in una serie di attivitࠤistinte, dette FASI. Durante ogni Fase, i giocatori eseguiranno le attivitࠩndicate simultaneamente o, se necessario, in un ordine prestabilito. Quando tutte le fasi sono state completate, il turno finisce e ne inizia uno nuovo.17.2 Per velocizzare il gioco, in molte fasi i giocatori possono svolgere le attivit࠲ichieste simultaneamente, dato che le loro azioni non avranno alcun effetto sugli altri giocatori. Tuttavia, si verificano spesso delle situazioni in cui le azioni degli altri giocatori sono di importanza cruciale nel determinare le proprie. I giocatori possono insistere in qualsiasi momento che le attivitࠩn una p<rticolare Fase vengano eseguite nel corretto ordine.17.3 L'ordine delle attivitࠤei giocatori durante le varie fasi 蠤eterminato in base a diversi criteri, come dettagliato nelle norme che si applicano a ciascuna fase. Tali criteri sono riassunti nella sequenza di gioco.17.4 L'ordine di AST viene utilizzato per risolvere tutte le situazioni di parit࠴ra le Nazioni tranne i Conflitti. L'ordine di AST corrisponde alla lista delle Nazioni sulla AST. L'Africa 蠰rima, l'Italia seconda, e cos젶ia fino all'Egitto.18. SEQUENZA DI GIOCO18.1 Durante ogni turno, viene utilizzata questa sequeza di gioco:Activity Conditions-Raccogliere le tasse [19] Solo se esistono cittࠨper ordine TSA)--- (Eventuali rivolte di citt-Espansione della popolazione [20] Sempre (per ordine TSA)-Censimento [21] SempreCostruzione e manutenzione delle navi [22] A scelta dei giocatori (per ordine di censimento)-Movimento [23] Sempre (per ordine di censimento)-Conflitto [24] Qualora necessario (simultaneo, salvo per richiesta dai giocatori)-Costruzione della cittࠛ25] Se del caso (per ordine TSA)-Eliminare la sovrappopolazione Se necessario (per ordine della TSA) --- (verificare il supporto della cittAcquisizione delle carte commercio [27] Se esistono cittࠨper numero di cittࠣrescente) --- (acquisto di Oro / Avorio)-Commercio [28] Sono necessarie almeno tre carte commercio (simultaneo per tutti i giocatori)-Risolvere calamitࠛ29] Se del caso (in ordine ascendente) --- (conversione per Monoteismo) --- (verificare il supporto della citt-Acquisizione di Carte Civilizzazione [31] Se del caso (per ordine TSA) --- (devoluzione dell'eccesso di carte commercio)-Movimento dei marcatori di successione sulla TSA [33] Sempre18.2 Ogni turno 蠣omposto da 13 fasi. Durante le sequenze iniziali del gioco, ogni turno consister࠳oltanto di alcune delle 13 fasi. Le fasi in cui non 蠰revista alcuna attivit࠶engono semplicemente ignorate.18,3 Le attivit࠰rincipali di una fase possono a volte richiedere che vengano intraprese azioni secondarie. Queste azioni secondarie sono indicate tra parentesi nella sezione Attivitࠤella sequenza di gioco.Descrizione della fase di Tasse(1)19. TASSAZIONE19.1 Ogni giocatore deve trasferire due Pedine dal Deposito al Tesoro per ogni Cittࠣhe ha sul Tabellone. Questo 蠩l solo modo per spostare le Pedine nel Tesoro, oltre al Saccheggio (24.52).19.2 I giocatori che possiedono Coinage (Valuta) possono variare il loro tasso di imposizione fiscale aumentandolo a tre Pedine per ogni Citt࠯ diminuendolo a una Pedina per ogni Citt஠La stessa imposta deve essere riscossa per ogni cittࠩn un dato turno. E' possibile impostare un tasso fiscale che provochi la rivolta di alcune Citt19.3 Rivolte19.31 Quando un giocatore non ha abbastanza Pedine in Magazzino per pagare le tasse richieste, si verifica una Rivolta. Una volta determinato l'ammanco, le cittࠩn eccesso entrano in rivolta. Le rivolte vengono risolte soltanto dopo che tutti gli altri giocatori hanno pagato le tasse.19.32 Il giocatore con il maggior numero di Unitࠩn Magazzino (le Citt࠶algono cinque Unitࠣiascuna, le Pedine per una ciascuna) diventa il beneficiario della rivolta, sceglie quali cittࠥntrano in rivolta e le sostituisce con le proprie citt஠Il beneficiario pu򠩭possessarsi solo del numero di citt࠰er le quali il proprietario originale non 蠩n grado di pagare le tasse. Se il beneficiario non dispone di sufficienti Cittࠩn Magazzino per sostituire tutte le cittࠩn rivolta, il giocatore con il successivo maggior numero di Unitࠩn Magazzino prenderࠬe restanti e cos젶ia, fino a quando tutte le cittࠩn rivolta saranno state sostituite. Le tasse non pagate non vengono pagate dai nuovi proprietari.19.33 Nel raro caso in cui nessun giocatore possa prendere possesso delle rimanenti Cittࠩn rivolta, queste vengono eliminate.19.34 Le Cittࠡppartenenti a giocatori che abbiano la Democrazia non possono andare in rivolta per via delle tasse.Descrizione della fase di Popolazione(2)ESPANSIONE DELLA POPOLAZIONE20.2 Se un giocatore non ha abbastanza Pedine in Magazzino per completare la sua espansione, divide le Pedine a propria disposizione come vuole fra le Aree popolabili, ma a parte questa eccezione, l'espansione della popolazione 蠡utomatica e non pu򠥳sere ridotta volontariamente.20.3 La popolazione viene incrementata in ordine di AST. Se tali incrementi sono automatici o non influenzano gli altri giocatori, questa attivit࠰u򠥳sere svolta in simultanea.Descrizione della fase censimento (3)21.2 Il Segnalino Censimento di ogni giocatore viene posto sulla Tabella Censimento sullo spazio corrispondente alla popolazione del giocatore. In tal modo 蠤isponibile un riferimento per l'ordine di movimento. Per risolvere le paritଠil numero sul Segnalino Censimento indica la posizione di quella Nazione nell'ordine di AST.Description of Ship Construction phase(4)COSTRUZIONE DI NAVI22.1 I giocatori costruiscono e mantengono le loro Navi in ??ordine di Censimento. Costruire una nave costa due Pedine. Queste possono essere pagate dal Tesoro o tramite un prelievo di Pedine dall'Area in cui si intende costruire la Nave, oppure con una combinazione dei due metodi.22.11 I giocatori in possesso dell'Esercito costruiscono e mantengono sempre le loro navi dopo quelli che non hanno l'Esercito. L'ordine di costruzione delle Navi fra giocatori che detengano l'Esercito 蠤eterminato normalmente, seguendo l'Ordine di Censimento.22.2 Una nave finanziata completamente dal Tesoro pu򠥳sere collocata in qualsiasi Area che contenga almeno un'unitࠤel giocatore. Una Nave costruita parzialmente o totalmente tramite la leva (uso di pedine) deve essere collocata nella zona da cui sono state prelevate le Pedine. Tutte le Pedine spese per acquistare Navi vanno messe nel Magazzino.22.3 Le navi giࠩn gioco devono essere mantenute al costo di una Pedina per turno dal Tesoro o tramite il prelievo di una Pedina dall'Area occupata dalla Nave. Le navi che non vengono mantenute vanno immediatamente riposte nel Magazzino. Un giocatore pu򠲩muovere una Nave dal Tabellone non pagando il mantenimento e ricostruirla in un'altra Area nella stessa Fase.Descrizione della fase di Movimento (5)Movimento23.1 Una volta completata la costruzione delle Navi, i giocatori possono muovere alcune, tutte o nessuna delle loro Pedine e Navi. Le Citt࠮on si possono muovere. Un giocatore non pu򠭵overe le Unitࠤi un altro giocatore.23.21 I giocatori che hanno l'Esercito (Military) muovono sempre dopo quelli che non ce l'hanno. L'ordine di movimento tra giocatori che hanno l'Esercito 蠤eterminato normalmente, seguendo l'Ordine di Censimento.23.22 I Barbari, che appaiono periodicamente sul Tabellone come Calamitଠmuovono esclusivamente durante la Fase di Calamitࠩn cui appaiono.23.3 Le Pedine possono essere mosse attraverso un Confine di Terra in un'Area di Terra adiacente, oppure su una Nave che si trovi in quel momento nella stessa Area. Le Pedine non possono attraversare Confini di Terra e di Mare nello stesso turno.23.31 I giocatori in possesso della Costruzione di Strade (Roadbuilding) possono spostare le loro Pedine attraverso un'Area di Terra in una seconda Area di Terra nella stessa Fase di movimento. La prima Area alla quale la Pedina ha accesso non pu򠣯ntenere Unitࠡppartenenti ad un altro giocatore, ai Barbari o una cittࠐirata. La Costruzione di Strade non pu򠥳sere utilizzata per spostare le Pedine in un'Area di Terra e poi a bordo di una Nave.23.4 Qualunque numero di Pedine, appartenenti a qualunque numero di giocatori, pu򠥳sere spostato nella stessa Area. Le Pedine possono essere spostate in una zona contenente una Citt஠Le Pedine possono essere spostati in modo da superare il Limite di Popolazione di un'Area, anche se questi eventi potrebbero comportare la successiva eliminazione delle Pedine in eccesso.23.5 Movimento delle Navi23.51 Una nave pu򠴲asportare fino a cinque Pedine alla volta. Solo le Pedine che non siano gi࠳tate mosse via terra nella fase di movimento attuale possono imbarcarsi e muoversi con una Nave.23.52 Le Navi possono muoversi solo attraverso i Confini di Mare. Una nave pu򠦡re fino a quattro mosse attraverso Aree di Mare nella stessa fase di movimento. I giocatori non possono muovere le loro Navi in Aree di Mare Aperto (4.23) a meno che non siano in possesso dell'Astronomia (Astronomy). Le navi possono viaggiare in qualsiasi Area di Mare, compresi i laghi, ma non possono attraversare i confini di Sola Terra.23.54 I giocatori in possesso di Astronomy possono muovere le loro navi in ??aree di mare aperto.23.55 Le navi possono terminare il loro movimento in qualsiasi zona d'acqua possano raggiungere, diverso da un tratto di mare aperto, a prescindere dalle altre navi o pedine che occupino la zona stessa.23.57 In Grecia, alcune aree hanno due coste distinte. Le navi possono entrare in tali Aree da entrambi i lati, ma devono poi lasciare l'Area dalla stessa parte. Le Navi non possono passare direttamente da una costa all'altra.Descrizione della fase dei Conflitti (6)CONFLITTO24.11 I conflitti possono verificarsi fra Pedine, fra Pedine e Cittଠe fra Pedine e Cittࠤifese da Pedine. Tutti i conflitti si svolgono in Aree di Terra. Le Navi non sono mai coinvolte in conflitti, anche se possono aver trasportato Pedine in battaglia. Le Navi non possono essere catturate o eliminate tramite i conflitti.24.12 Pedine e Cittࠥliminate a causa di un conflitto tornano nel Magazzino.24.2 Conflitti fra Pedine24.22 Se i giocatori hanno lo stesso numero di Pedine in un'Area, le rimuoveranno simultaneamente. Di conseguenza, rester࠵n numero pari di gettoni ad ogni rimozione, e un'Area che abbia un Limite di Popolazione di una sola Pedina, finir࠰er essere spopolata.24.24 I giocatori in possesso della Lavorazione del Ferro (Metalworking) rimuoveranno le loro Pedine dopo quelli che non ne sono in possesso, a prescindere dal numero delle loro Pedine rispetto ad altri giocatori. I conflitti fra due giocatori che siano entrambi in possesso della Lavorazione del Ferro si risolvono normalmente.24.3 Conflitti fra Pedine e Citt24.32 Se una Citt࠶iene attaccata dal numero richiesto di Pedine, il difensore sostituisce la Cittࠣon sei Pedine, e il conflitto risultante tra gli attaccanti e i difensori viene risolto. Se il giocatore in difesa ha meno di sei Pedine in Magazzino, sostituisce la Cittࠡttaccata con tutte le Pedine che ha in Magazzino e il combattimento si risolve normalmente. I giocatori hanno diritto a risolvere eventuali altri conflitti che coinvolgano le loro Pedine prima di risolvere attacchi alle loro Cittଠin modo che le loro Citt࠰ossano essere sostituite con il massimo delle Pedine consentite.24.34 Quando una Cittࠐirata viene attaccata da un giocatore, la Citt࠶iene sostituita dalle Pedine non utilizzate al solo scopo di risolvere il combattimento. Se tali Pedine sopravvivono al combattimento risultante, vengono rimosse dal tabellone.24.35 Ai giocatori in possesso dell'Ingegneria (Engineering) sono necessarie solo sei Pedine per attaccare una Citt஠La Cittࠡttaccata verr࠳ostituita da cinque Pedine. Otto Pedine sono necessarie per attaccare una Cittࠡppartenente ad un giocatore in possesso dell'Ingegneria. La citt࠳ar࠳ostituita da sette Pedine. Se sia l'attaccante che il difensore detengono l'Ingegneria, gli effetti si annullano.24.4 Conflitti fra Pedine e Cittࠤifese da Pedine24.41 I conflitti fra Pedine vengono risolti prima degli attacchi alle Citt஠Tutte le Pedine in difesa della cittࠤevono essere eliminate prima che la Citt࠰ossa venire attaccata. La Citt࠰u򠥳sere attaccata soltanto se un numero sufficiente di Pedine attaccanti sopravvive al conflitto iniziale tra Pedine.24.5 Conseguenze dell'eliminazione di una Citt24.51 Pesca di una Carta Commercio: quando una Citt࠶iene attaccata ed eliminata da un giocatore, il giocatore attaccante pesca immediatamente, a caso, una delle Carte Commercio della vittima, e la conserva per proprio uso. Se la vittima non ha Carte Commercio, non viene pescata alcuna carta.24.52 Saccheggio: Oltre a pescare una Carta Commercio della vittima, un giocatore che attacca con successo una Citt࠰u򠴲asferire fino a tre Pedine dal suo Magazzino al suo Tesoro, per simulare il saccheggio della Cittࠤistrutta. L'attaccante pu򠳣egliere di trasferire meno di tre Pedine, se lo desidera. Il numero di Pedine saccheggiate non pu򠳵perare il numero di Pedine nel Magazzino dell'attaccante, e non pu򠭡i essere superiore a tre per ogni Citt஠Il Tesoro della vittima e il suo Magazzino non hanno conseguenze dal saccheggio.24.53 Non viene pescata nessuna carta, n蠳i verifica alcun saccheggio quando un Citt࠶iene convertita dal Monoteismo (Monotheism), catturata dai Pirati, eliminato dai Barbari o persa a causa di qualsiasi altra calamit࠯ rivolta fiscale. Si pesca la Carta Commercio avversaria e si verifica il saccheggio solo quando un giocatore elimina la Cittࠤi un altro giocatore tramite un attacco diretto. Un giocatore che attacca ed elimina una Citt࠰irata pu򠳡ccheggiarla.Description of City Construction phase(7)25.3 I giocatori in possesso dell'Architettura (Architecture) possono utilizzare Pedine del Tesoro per contribuire alla costruzione di una Citt࠰er turno. Almeno la metࠤelle Pedine utilizzate deve essere costituita da Pedine in gioco sul tabellone, ma il resto pu򠣯nsistere di Pedine prese dal Tesoro. L'Architettura non pu򠥳sere utilizzata per costruire Cittࠩn zone che contengano Pedine di altri giocatori oppure Barbari.Description of REMOVAL OF SURPLUS POPULATION phase(8)RIMOZIONE DELLA POPOLAZIONE IN ECCESSO26.11 Il Limite di Popolazione delle Aree contenenti solo Pedine di un giocatore che detenga l'Agricoltura (Agriculture) 蠡umentato di uno. Questo effetto 蠬imitato ad Aree che non contengano altre Pedine. L'Agricoltura non ha alcun effetto in Aree in cui ci siano Pedine coesistenti o durante i conflitti.26.2 Le Navi non contano ai fini dei Limiti di Popolazione. Qualsiasi numero di Navi pu򠴲ovarsi nella stessa Area. Per esempio, se tre Navi e tre Pedine sono in un'Area con un Limite di Popolazione di due, una Pedina dovrࠥssere rimossa, ma le Navi resteranno senza alcuna penalit26.3 Controllo del Sostegno delle Citt26.31 Dopo che tutta la popolazione in eccesso 蠳tata rimossa, ogni giocatore controlla il Sostegno delle Citt஠Ogni giocatore deve avere due Pedine sul tabellone per ogni Cittࠩn gioco. Queste Pedine rappresentano il sostegno agricolo necessario per mantenere la popolazione urbana. I giocatori che non hanno abbastanza Pedine sul tabellone per sostenere le loro Cittࠤevono ridurre le Cittଠuna per volta, fino a riottenere la disponibilitࠤi sufficienti Pedine per sostenere le restanti Citt26.32 I giocatori costretti a ridurre le Citt࠮on sostenute possono decidere quali Citt࠲idurre per prime, alla condizione che le Cittࠣostruite in questo turno vengano ridotte prima delle Cittࠣostruite o acquisite nei turni precedenti.26.4 Riduzione delle Citt26.41 Le citt࠶engono ridotte rimuovendole dal gioco e sostituendole con il numero massimo di Pedine consentito dal Limite di Popolazione dell'Area. Queste nuove Pedine possono essere immediatamente conteggiate per il sostegno delle altre citt࠶ulnerabili alla riduzione. Se, quando si cerca di ridurre una Cittଠi giocatori scoprono di non avere abbastanza Pedine in Magazzino per soddisfare il Limite di Popolazione, sostituiranno la Cittࠣon tutte le Pedine in Magazzino. Se ad altre citt࠭anca ancora il sostegno, vengono eliminate.26,5 Il Sostegno delle Citt࠶iene controllato solo in due punti critici di un turno: dopo la rimozione della popolazione in eccesso, e dopo la risoluzione delle calamit஠Questi due momenti sono indicati nella Sequenza di Gioco. Il Sostegno della Citt࠮on viene controllato in nessun altro momento, tranne durante la risoluzione della Rivolta di Schiavi (Slave Revolt) (30.42).Quando una calamit࠲ichiede la riduzione di una Cittଠsi segue la procedura sopra descritta.Description of ACQUISITION OF TRADE CARDS phase(9)Acquisizione delle carte di commercio27.1 Per ogni Citt࠳ulla mappa, i giocatori pescano una Carta Commercio da un mazzo. Il giocatore con il minor numero di Cittࠩn gioco pescher࠰er primo, seguito dal giocatore con il secondo minor numero di Cittଠe cos젶ia, fino a quando tutti i giocatori hanno pescato le loro Carte Commercio.27.21 Se un mazzo 蠶uoto, il giocatore non pu򠳯stituire la carta persa con una da un altro mazzo. Il giocatore deve semplicemente rinunciare a pescare da quel particolare mazzo.27.3 I giocatori non possono rivelare quali Carte Commercio hanno pescato, dal momento che potrebbero aver acquisito una Carta Calamitࠣhe potrebbero essere in grado di scambiare con un altro giocatore. Le Carte Calamit࠮on commerciabili (Vulcano / Terremoto, Carestia, Guerra Civile e Inondazione) devono essere conservati dal giocatore che le ha pescate fino a quando tutti gli scambi sono completati.27.4 Le Carte Commercio devono essere tenute segrete. Mentre sono nella mano di un giocatore, le Carte Commercio sono gli unici oggetti non accessibili dagli altri giocatori.27.5 Acquisto di Gold (Oro), Ivory (Avorio) o Piracy (Pirateria)Description of TRADE phase(10)Commercio28.2 Il commercio 蠣omposto di un sistema di baratti coinvolgenti solamente carte commercio. Gli accordi di commercio non possono includere treasury o carte civilizzazione. Ogni baratto pu򠣯involgere solo due giocatori.EXAMPLE: A player, wishing to acquire grain, announces 'I want grain -I'll trade salt for grain.' He agrees with a prospective trading partner that he will trade three cards, including two salt, for a grain, an iron and two unknown cards. He guarantees that the other player will receive two salt cards. An assurance that the third card is also a salt does not guarantee that the third card traded will not be a different commodity, or possibly a tradable calamity card. Similarly, our player can only be sure that he will receive one grain, one iron and two other cards. He has no way of knowing what the other cards will be until he receives them, although meaningless assurances can be given by his trading partner.28.4 Limiti alla fase di commercio28.5 Gruppi di Carte Commercio28.52 Il valore delle carte raccolte in gruppi 蠳tampato su ogni carta di beni. Non possono essere raggruppate merci differenti, anche se dello stesso valore.28.53 Mining incrementa di una carta il valore di Iron, Bronze, Silver, Gems o Gold. Tale effetto si applica una sola volta per turno. Per esempio, se un giocatore che possiede Mining usa tre carte Bronzo per acquistare una carta di civilizzazione, pu򠵳are Mining per incrementare il valore da 54 a 96 (il valore di quattro carte Bronzo), ma non pu򠵳are Mining anche incrementare il valore di un gruppo di Gemme nello stesso turno. Non si pu򠵴ilizzare Mining per incrementare un gruppo di carte al di sopra del limite stampato sulla carta stessa.RESOLUTION OF CALAMITIES phase(11)RISOLUZIONE DELLE CALAMITA'29.1 Tutte le calamit࠳ono risolte immediatamente dopo la fine del commercio, prima dell'acquisizione di Carte Civilizzazione.29.2 Non-tradable calamity cards must be retained by the players who drew them until the end of trading. Such calamities are resolved against the drawing player once trading is completed.29.3 Tradable calamity cards are also not revealed when drawn. A player who draws a tradable calamity card may trade it to another player. A player who receives such a calamity card in trade may in turn trade it to another player, and so on, until the trading session ends. There is no limit to the number of times a tradable calamity card may be traded. At the end of the trading session, all calamity cards are revealed by the players who hold them.29.4 A player who drew a tradable calamity card need not have traded it, but such cards cannot be held for future turns. Subject to 29.5, all calamities take effect on the turn in which they are drawn. If a player retains a tradable calamity card, he becomes the primary victim of the calamity, just as though the card had been traded to him. When a player retains a tradable calamity which calls for secondary victims (Epidemic, Iconoclasm and Heresy, and Piracy), any other eligible player may be named as a secondary victim.29.5 No player may be the primary victim of more than two calamities in the same turn. If a player receives more than two calamities in the same turn, his calamities are shuffled together, and two are drawn at random. The remaining calamities received by that player are disregarded and are returned to the appropriate stack of trade cards. There is no restriction on the infliction of secondary effects of calamities.29.6 Calamities are resolved in ascending order, starting with Volcanic Eruption/Earthquake and ending with Piracy. Non-tradable calamities are resolved before tradable calamities of the same numeric value (i.e. the order of resolution is Volcanic Eruption, Treachery, Famine, Superstition, etc.).29.61 The player who holds a calamity card at the end of the trading session is the primary victim of that calamity. In many cases, other players must be selected by the primary victim as secondary victims. The player who traded a tradable calamity card to the primary victim may not be selected as a secondary victim.EXAMPLE: Crete draws Epidemic, and trades it to Egypt. At the end of the trading session, Egypt loses 16 unit points, and Crete is immune from the secondary effects of the Epidemic, as the player who traded it to Egypt. Had Crete not traded Epidemic, it would have been the primary victim, and all other players would be potential secondary victims.29.62 When resolving calamities, cities are worth up to five unit points and tokens are worth one unit point. If a city is reduced, surviving tokens are not counted towards the resolution of the calamity.EXAMPLE: Africa must remove ten unit points because of Famine. It could remove two cities, ten tokens, or any combination thereof. If the African player decided to reduce a city, leaving two tokens in its place, this would count as three unit points.29.63 Players must fulfill their losses from calamities by the exact amount required, if possible. If unable to do so, a player may exceed the amount required, but only by as small an amount as is necessary.29.64 Whenever a calamity requires that the primary victim direct effects against other players, the primary victim must do so.29.65 Barbarian tokens and Pirate cities are never affected by calamities.29.8 Once all calamities are resolved, players must again check for city support as explained above (26.3).RESOLUTION OF CALAMITIES EFFECTS phase(12)Calamit30.1 The effects of the various calamities are set out below. The calamities are listed in the order in which they are resolved. Thus Volcano/Earthquake and Treachery are placed in the second trade stack, Famine and Superstition in the third trade stack, and so on. There are no calamities associated with the first trade card stack. These effects are reprinted in the Summary of Calamity Effects.30.2 Second level calamities30.21 Eruzione Vulcanica o Terremoto30.211 If the primary victim has any cities in an area touched by a volcano, the volcano erupts and eliminates all units, regardless of ownership, in the areas touched by the volcano. If the primary victim has cities in areas touched by more than one volcano, the site of the eruption is that which causes the greatest total damage to the primary victim and any secondary victims. In the event of a tie, the primary victim selects the location of the eruption.30.212 If the primary victim has no cities in an area touched by a volcano, one of his cities is destroyed by earthquake. One city belonging to another player is reduced. This second city must be in an area adjacent to the destroyed city, even across water. As above, the site of the earthquake is that which causes the greatest total damage.30.213 If the primary victim holds Engineering, an earthquake reduces, rather than destroys, his city. A player who holds Engineering may not be selected as a secondary victim of an Earthquake. Engineering has no effect on Volcanoes.30.22 Tradimento30.221 One city belonging to the primary victim is replaced by one city belonging to the player who traded him the card. If the trading player has no available cities, the victim's city is eliminated. The player trading the card selects the city.30.222 If Treachery is drawn by a player and not traded, one city belonging to that player is reduced. As no one traded the card to the primary victim, no other player benefits from the primary victim's misfortune.30.3 Calamitࠤi terzo livello30.31 Carestia 30.311 The primary victim loses ten unit points himself, and must instruct other players to remove 20 unit points, no more than eight of which may come from any one player. The primary victim decides how many unit points are lost by each of the secondary victims, but the secondary victims decide which units to remove.30.312 Players who hold Pottery may reduce their losses by four unit points for each Grain trade card held. Grain cards used for this purpose are not discarded, but must be placed face up in front of the player until the end of the turn and may not be used to acquire civilization cards until the following turn.30.32 Superstizione30.321 Three cities belonging to the primary victim are reduced. The primary victim chooses which cities.30.322 If the primary victim has Mysticism, two cities are reduced; if the primary victim holds Deism, one city is reduced; if the primary victim holds Enlightenment, there is no effect. These effects are not cumulative. The governing effect is that of the highest level Religion card held.30.4 Calamitࠤi quarto livello30.41 Guerra Civile30.411 The primary victim's nation is divided into two factions. The player with the most unit points in stock is the beneficiary of the Civil War. This determination is made by counting tokens in stock (one each) and cities in stock (five each). If the primary victim has the most units in stock there is no Civil War.30.412 The composition of the first faction is decided by both the primary victim and the beneficiary as follows:30.4121 The primary victim begins by selecting 15 unit points.30.4122 If the primary victim holds Music he selects an additional five unit points. If the primary victim holds Drama and Poetry he selects an additional five unit points. If the primary victim holds Democracy he selects an additional ten unit points. The effects of Music, Drama and Poetry, and Democracy are cumulative.30.4123 After the primary victim completes his selection, the beneficiary selects an additional 20 unit points belonging to the primary victim to complete the first faction.30.4124 If the primary victim holds Philosophy, the first faction is automatically comprised of 15 units chosen by the beneficiary, regardless of any other civilization cards held by the primary victim.30.413 Whatever remains constitutes the second faction. If there is no second faction there is no Civil War.30.414 If the primary victim holds Military, five unit points are removed from each faction to reflect the increased destructiveness of the Civil War. The required units are removed after factions are selected. Each player must, if possible, remove the required units from areas adjacent to the other faction.30.415 The primary victim then decides whether he will continue to play the units of the first or second faction. The primary victim retains his stock, ships, treasury, civilization cards, and position on the A.S.T. The beneficiary annexes whichever faction is not retained by the primary victim by replacing the units involved with his own. If he runs out of units, the remainder are taken over by the next player with the most units in stock, and so on.30.42 Rivolta degli schiavi30.421 Fifteen tokens belonging to the primary victim may not be used to support his cities. This effect is resolved immediately. After the end of the current calamity phase, the tokens again function normally.30.422 Cities are reduced one at a time, with the newly available tokens being eligible to provide support for the victim's remaining cities (see 26.6). If the primary victim has less than fifteen tokens on the board, only those tokens are affected by Slave Revolt. Tokens placed on the board after the resulting reduction of the primary victim's cities may always be used for city support.30.423 If the primary victim holds Mining, an additional five tokens may not be used for city support. If the primary victim holds Enlightenment, the number of tokens which may not be used for city support is reduced by five. If a player holds both Mining and Enlightenment, the effects cancel.30.5 Calamitࠤi quinto livello30.51 Alluvione30.511 If the primary victim has units on a flood plain (4.42), he loses a maximum of 17 unit points from that flood plain. Cities are vulnerable to flood if they have been built in areas with no city site or a city shown as a white square. Cities on black city sites are safe.30.512 Ten unit points on the same flood plain belonging to one or more secondary victims are also removed. The primary victim divides the ten unit point loss among the secondary victims as he chooses, but the secondary victims themselves choose which units are to be lost. If the number of units on the affected flood plain belonging to other players totals ten unit points or less, all those other players automatically become secondary victims and all their units are eliminated.30.513 If the primary victim has units on more than one flood plain, the flood occurs on the flood plain containing the greatest number of his unit points. In the event of tie, the primary victim selects the location of the flood.30.514 If the primary victim has no units in a flood plain, one of his coastal cities is eliminated. The primary victim chooses the city. If the primary victim has no coastal cities, he is unaffected by the flood.30.515 A player who holds Engineering who has units on a flood plain loses a maximum of seven unit points from flood, whether as a primary or secondary victim. If a primary victim who holds Engineering has no units on a flood plain, one of his coastal cities is reduced rather than eliminated.30.52 Orde Barbariche30.521 Piazzamento Iniziale30.5211 Fifteen tokens belonging to one of the nations which did not start the game are placed in one of the primary victim's start areas. These Barbarian tokens are placed in the start area which causes the greatest damage to the primary victim. If the primary victim does not have units in any of his start areas, the Barbarians are initially placed in an empty start area. They may be placed in an area which contains units belonging to a player other than the primary victim only if no other area is available.30.5212 Immediately after initial placement, conflict is resolved between the newly placed Barbarians and any units, including those of nations other than the primary victim, in the area occupied by the Barbarians.30.523 Movimento continuativo30.5231 Once conflict arising out of their initial placement is resolved, all surviving Barbarians in excess of the population limit of the area of initial placement move to the adjacent area which will result in the greatest damage to the primary victim. Conflict is again resolved.30.5232 This process is repeated until there are no surplus Barbarian tokens. At the end of the calamity phase, surviving Barbarian tokens may not exceed the population limits of the areas they occupy.30.5233 Barbarians always move as a unit, other than when they leave tokens in areas they have already occupied. Barbarians may move across water boundaries, but not across open sea areas.30.5234 The movement of Barbarians is governed by the principle that they always move into the area which causes the greatest immediate damage to the primary victim. No calculation is made as to whether the overall damage to the primary victim would be greater if the Barbarians went into one area as opposed to another, as the determination of greatest damage is made for each Barbarian movement in turn.30.5235 All movement and conflict involving Barbarians is completed during the calamity phase, prior to the resolution of any other calamities. Once the Barbarians have stopped moving, they remain on the board until eliminated by other players. Barbarians do not increase their population and may not be selected as secondary victims of calamities.30.524 Conflitto con altre nazioni30.5241 Barbarians must enter areas occupied solely by cities or tokens belonging to the primary victim, provided they can inflict damage on the primary victim by entering such areas. If they are unable to move into such an area, they may enter empty areas or areas occupied by units belonging to other nations in order to reach the nearest area in which they can inflict damage on the primary victim.30.5242 If Barbarians enter areas containing units belonging to nations other than the primary victim, they engage in conflict with those units. Barbarians do not attack their own tokens, and thus may pass through areas they have already occupied with no ill effects. It is possible that a primary victim who has no units near his starting areas might not suffer any ill effects from this calamity, as the Barbarians might exhaust themselves ravaging and occupying areas while trying to reach the nearest vulnerable primary victim units.30.525 Risolvere i pareggi30.5251 If Barbarians have a choice of areas to enter, the player who traded the calamity to the primary victim selects the area. If the calamity was not traded, such decisions are made by the player with the most units in stock at the time the calamity is resolved.30.5252 Barbarian tokens do not benefit from any of the attributes of their controlling player.30.526 If Barbarians eliminate a city, no trade card is drawn from the victim.30.527 Creta non pu򠥳sere la vittima primaria delle Orde Barbariche.30.6 Sixth level calamities30.61 Epidemia30.611 La vittima primaria perde 16 unit஠La vittima primaria deve ordinare la perdita di altre 25 unit࠴ra gli altri giocatori; ogni giocatore pu򠰥rdere al massimo 10 unit⮠Il giocatore che ha scambiato Epidemic con la vittima primaria non pu򠥳sere scelto come vittima secondaria.30.612 A nation removing tokens as a result of an Epidemic must leave at least one token in each affected area. Cities which are eliminated by an Epidemic are replaced by at least one token, so cities account for a maximum of four unit points when calculating losses from this calamity.30.613 If a primary victim of Epidemic holds Medicine, his losses are reduced by eight unit points. If a secondary victim of Epidemic holds Medicine, his losses are reduced by five unit points.30.614 A player who holds Roadbuilding loses an additional five unit points to Epidemic, both as a primary and a secondary victim.30.615 The effects of 30.613 - 30.614 are cumulative.30.7 Calamitࠤi settimo livello30.71 Disordine Civile30.711 All but three of the primary victim's cities are reduced. The primary victim chooses which cities are reduced.30.712 The number of the primary victim's cities reduced is decreased by one for each of the following civilization cards held: Music, Drama and Poetry, Law and Democracy.30.713 The number of the primary victim's cities reduced is increased by one if the primary victim holds Military.30.714 The number of the primary victim's cities reduced is increased by one if the primary victim holds Roadbuilding.30.715 The effects of 30.712 - 30.714 are cumulative.30.8 Eighth level calamities30.81 Iconoclasma ed Eresia30.811 Four of the primary victim's cities are reduced. The primary victim chooses which cities are reduced.30.812 If the primary victim holds Law, the number of cities reduced is decreased by one.30.813 Se la vittima primaria ha Filosofia, il numero di città ridotte è ridotto di uno.30.814 If the primary victim holds Theology, the number of cities reduced is decreased by three.30.815 If the primary victim holds Monotheism, the number of cities reduced is increased by one.30.816 If the primary victim holds Roadbuilding, the number of cities reduced is increased by one.30.817 The effects of 30.812 - 30.816 are cumulative.30.818 The primary victim must also order the reduction of a total of two cities belonging to other players. The player who traded Iconoclasm and Heresy to the primary victim may not be selected as a secondary victim.30.819 A secondary victim who holds Philosophy may not lose more than one city as a result of the primary victim's order. A player who holds Theology cannot be named as a secondary victim.30.9 Ninth level calamities30.91 Pirateria30.911 The primary victim loses two coastal cities. The player trading the card selects the cities. These cities are replaced by two pirate cities belonging to one of the nations which did not start the game (for convenience, use the same units as for Barbarian Hordes).30.912 Two coastal cities belonging to two other players are similarly replaced by pirate cities, even if the primary victim had fewer than two coastal cities and was thus not himself fully affected. The primary victim selects these cities. The secondary victims may each lose only one city. The player who traded Piracy to the primary victim may not be selected as a secondary victim.30.913 Pirate cities do not require city support, and remain on the board until attacked and destroyed. When a pirate city is attacked, it is replaced by unused tokens solely for the purpose of resolving combat. After combat is resolved, any surviving pirate tokens are eliminated. When a pirate city is destroyed, the attacker may pillage the city.ACQUISITION OF CIVILIZATION CARDS phase(12)ACQUISITION OF CIVILIZATION CARDS31.1 Each player has the option of acquiring one or more civilization cards by turning in commodity cards and treasury tokens and applying credits from previously purchased civilization cards. The value of each civilization card is printed in large type at the bottom center of the civilization card.31.12 Civilization cards are acquired in A.S.T. order. This allows certain players to see which civilization cards other players are acquiring before deciding on their own acquisitions. Because there is no limit to the number of each type of civilization card, it often may be possible to waive this rule so that all players acquire civilization cards simultaneously.31.2 The purchase cost of civilization cards must be met by a combination of the following:31.3 Commodity Cards31.31 The value of commodity card sets when acquiring civilization cards is calculated as set out in 28.51.31.4 Tokens31.41 Le pedine del tesoro possono essere utilizzate per acquistare carte Civilizzazione, ma non si possono spendere piu pedine del tesoro di quanto richiesto.31.3 Crediti31.51 Most civilization cards provide credits towards other cards of the same group (group credits), as well as special credits towards certain other civilization cards.31.52 A summary of credits is printed on the Civilization Card Credits table. By highlighting across the table when a civilization card is acquired, a player can read down the appropriate column to quickly total the credits amassed for a particular civilization card.31.53 Credits may not be used in the same turn in which they are acquired. A player must wait until the next turn to use credits from newly acquired civilization cards. The simplest way to enforce this rule is for players who purchase more than one civilization card to collect them at the same time.31.54 A credit from a civilization card which is already owned by a player may be applied towards the purchase of more than one additional civilization card, but the credit may only be applied once to each new card. For example, a player holding Astronomy, which gives a 20 point credit towards all other sciences, may apply the 20 point credit to the purchase of both Coinage and Medicine in the same turn, but the credit from Astronomy may only be applied once to each new card.31.55 Four civilization cards (Engineering, Mathematics, Literacy and Mysticism) belong to two groups. These are printed with both group colors along the top. These cards receive all the advantages of both groups. For example, a player wishing to acquire Engineering receives credits from his orange craft cards and his green science cards. Conversely, a player who already holds Engineering may use both the craft and science credit associated with Engineering when acquiring other civilization cards.Una Carta Civilizzazione con due colori conta per due gruppi quando si deve stabilire se le condizioni di accesso a determinate epoche sono state raggiunte.31.56 A player must use a credit if it applies to a civilization card he is purchasing. He cannot choose to ignore the credit in order to spend treasury tokens.31.57 If a player has sufficient credits to acquire a civilization card without any expenditure of commodity cards or treasury tokens, he may acquire that civilization card at no cost.31.58 No "change" is given if the value of commodity cards and credits exceeds the value of the civilization cards being purchased. Any excess is lost.EXAMPLE: A player holds Mysticism (acquired in a previous round), six trade cards (three Grain, two Papyrus, and one Hides), and ten tokens in treasury. He wishes to acquire the Music card (value 60). Consulting the Civilization Card Credits table, our player sees that Mysticism provides five points in credit; the trade cards have a value of 45 (36 for the Grain, eight for the Papyrus and one for the Hide); and the treasury holds ten tokens. The total value is 60 points (five in credits + 45 in trade cards + 10 in treasury) - just enough to acquire Music.31.6 Restrizioni31.61 A player may acquire one, and only one, of each of the 24 civilization cards. A player may not hold more than one of each type of civilization card.31.62 Certain civilization cards may only be acquired if a player already acquired another civilization card in a previous turn. Engineering is required for Roadbuilding and Mining; Law is required for Democracy and Philosophy; Enlightenment is required for Monotheism and Theology.31.63 Once acquired, civilization cards may not be discarded or traded.31.7 Returning Excess Commodity Cards31.71 After completing purchases of civilization cards, players may retain up to eight commodity cards in their hands for the next turn. Players may not conceal the number of commodity cards they retain. Any excess commodity cards of the player's choice must be surrendered, displayed, shuffled together with commodity cards used to acquire civilization cards and with calamities which take place in the same turn, then placed, face down, at the bottom of the appropriate trade card stack.31.72 Tradable calamity cards may not be retained or surrendered. If a tradable calamity is not traded and resolved against another player, it is resolved against the player who drew it.31.8 Restacking Returned Trade Cards31.81 Once all players have acquired civilization cards, all commodity cards used for that purpose, excess commodity cards and any tradable calamity cards which were drawn in that turn are shuffled together and placed, face down, at the bottom of the appropriate trade card stack.31.82 Any non-tradable calamity cards which were drawn that turn are then placed at the bottom of the appropriate trade card stack.ATTRIBUTI CARTE CIVILIZZAZIONEATTRIBUTI CARTE CIVILIZZAZIONE32.1 The groups, cost, attributes and credits associated with the various civilization cards are described below. Details of how civilization cards affect calamities are found in the rules relating to the calamity. The credits given by each civilization card towards the purchase of additional civilization cards are also set out in the Civilization Card Credit table, printed on the back of the rulebook.32.2 Crafts32.21 Pottery (Craft - 45)32.211 The effects of Famine are reduced if the affected player holds Pottery and one or more Grain cards (30.312).32.212 Pottery provides a credit of 10 points to all other Craft cards, Democracy and Monotheism.32.22 Fabbricazione di tessuti (Artigianato - 45)32.221 Ships may move an extra area - five areas instead of four.32.222 Cloth Making provides a 10 point credit to all other Craft cards, Democracy and Monotheism.32.23 Metalworking (Craft - 80)32.231 In conflicts, a player with metalworking always removes his token after all other players without metalworking have removed theirs, even though the other player(s) may have larger forces. Among players who hold Metalworking there is no effect.32.232 Metalworking provides a credit of 10 points to all other Craft cards, Democracy and Monotheism, and 20 points to Military.32.24 Agriculture (Craft - 110)32.241 The population limit in areas occupied solely by tokens belonging to a player who holds Agriculture is increased by one. Thus an area which normally has a population limit of two can support three tokens. This effect increases the number of tokens substituted for reduced cities by one, but does not apply during conflicts or in areas which contain tokens belonging to other nations.32.242 Agriculture provides a credit of 10 points to all other Craft cards, Democracy and Monotheism.32.25 Roadbuilding (Craft - 140)32.251 Players who hold Roadbuilding may move their tokens through one land area into a second land area in the same movement phase. The first area entered may not contain units belonging to another player, Barbarians or a Pirate city. Roadbuilding may not be used to move tokens through a land area and then on board a ship.32.252 Roadbuilding aggravates the effects of Epidemic (30.614), Civil Disorder (30.714) and Iconoclasm and Heresy (30.816).32.253 Roadbuilding may only be acquired by a player who has Engineering.32.254 Roadbuilding provides a credit of 10 points to all other Craft cards, Democracy and Monotheism.32.26 Mining (Craft - 180)32.261 Mining allows the holder to increase the value of any set of Iron, Bronze, Silver, Gems or Gold by one card when acquiring civilization cards or when evaluating his hand for A.S.T. or victory condition purposes. Mining may not be used to increase the value of a set of commodity cards beyond the limit printed on the commodity card itself. This ability may only be used once per turn.EXAMPLE: A player holds Mining. If he turns in three Iron cards, their value is calculated as though there were four Iron cards (32 rather than 18). If two Gems cards were turned in, they would be worth 72 rather than 32, but the Mining card could not be used to increase both Iron and Gems in the same turn, nor could it be used to increase the value of retained commodity cards later in the same turn if already used when acquiring civilization cards.32.262 Mining aggravates the effects of a Slave Revolt (30.423).32.263 Mining may only be acquired by a player who has Engineering.32.264 Mining provides a credit of 10 points to all other Craft cards, Democracy and Monotheism.32.3 Crafts/Sciences32.31 Engineering (Craft/Science- 140)32.311 Ai giocatori con l'Ingegneria servono solo sei pedine per attaccare una citt஠La cittࠤel difensore viene sostituita da cinque pedine. Otto pedine sono necessarie per attaccare la cittࠤi un giocatore in possesso dell'Ingegneria. La citt࠶iene sostituita da sette pedine. Se sia l'attaccante che il difensore hanno l'Ingegneria, gli effetti si annullano.32.312 Engineering reduces the effects of Earthquake (30.213) and Flood (30.515).32.313 A player must hold Engineering before he acquires either Mining or Roadbuilding.32.314 Engineering provides a credit of 10 points to all other Craft cards, Democracy and Monotheism; and 20 points to all other Science cards, Philosophy and Theology.32.4 Scienze32.41 Astronomy (Science - 80)32.411 Ships belonging to a player who holds Astronomy may cross open seas.32.412 Astronomy provides a 20 point credit to all other Science cards, Philosophy and Theology.32.42 Conio (Scienza - 110)32.421 Players who hold Coinage may vary their taxation rate by increasing it to three tokens per city or decreasing it to one token per city. The same tax must be levied on each city in a given round. A taxation rate may be set which causes the revolt of some cities.32.422 Coinage provides a credit of 20 points to all other Science cards, Philosophy and Theology.32.43 Medicine (Science - 140)32.431 Medicine reduces the effect of Epidemic (30.613).32.432 Medicine provides a credit of 20 points to all other Science cards, Philosophy and Theology.32.5 Scienza/Arti32.54 Mathematics (Science/Arts - 230)32.541 Mathematics provides a credit of 20 points to all other Science cards, 5 points to all other Arts cards and Law, 10 points to Enlightenment and 25 points to Philosophy and Theology.32.6 Arti32.61 Teatro e Poesia (Arti -60)32.611 Drama and Poetry reduces the effects of Civil War (30.4122) and Civil Disorder (30.712).32.612 Drama and Poetry provides a credit of 5 points towards Mathematics, Music, Architecture, Law and Mysticism, 10 points towards Democracy and Enlightenment, and 20 points towards Literacy.32.62 Musica (Artistici - 60)32.621 Music reduces the effects of Civil War (30.4122) and Civil Disorder (30.712).32.622 Music provides a credit of 5 points towards Drama and Poetry, Architecture, Literacy, Law and Mysticism, 10 points towards Democracy and Enlightenment, and 20 points towards Mathematics and Philosophy.32.63 Architettura (Arti - 120)32.631 Players who hold Architecture may use tokens from their treasury to assist in the building of one city each turn. At least half of the tokens used must consist of on-board tokens, but the remainder may consist of tokens taken from treasury. Architecture may not be used to construct cities in areas which contain tokens belonging to another player or Barbarians.32.632 Architecture provides a credit of 5 points towards all other Arts cards, 10 points to Democracy and Enlightenment, and 15 points to Law.32.7 Arti/Civiche32.71 Literacy (Arts/Civic - 110)32.711 Literacy provides a credit of 5 points to all other Arts cards, 10 points to Enlightenment and 25 points to Law, Democracy and Philosophy.32.8 Civici32.81 Legge (Civile - 170 )32.811 Law reduces the effects of Civil Disorder (30.712) and Iconoclasm and Heresy (30.812).32.812 A player must hold Law before he acquires either Democracy or Philosophy.32.82 Democracy (Civic - 200)32.821 A player who holds Democracy is immune from tax revolts.32.822 Democracy reduces the effects of Civil War (30.4122) and Civil Disorder (30.712).32.823 Democracy may only be acquired by a player who holds Law.32.83 Militare (Civico - 180)32.831 Players who hold Military always move after players who do not hold Military. The order of movement as between those players who hold Military is determined normally, according to census order. Military has a similar effect on the order of ship construction.32.832 If a player holding Military has a Civil War, both factions lose 5 unit points after the Civil War is resolved (30.414).32.833 Military aggravates the effects of Civil Disorder (30.713).32.84 Philosophy (Civic - 240)32.841 Philosophy alters the effects of Civil War (not necessarily for the better 30.4124) and reduces the effects of Iconoclasm and Heresy (30.813, 30.819).32.842 Philosophy may only be acquired by a player who holds Law.32.9 Religiosi32.91 Mysticism (Religion/Arts - 50)32.911 Mysticism reduces the effects of Superstition (30.322).32.912 Mysticism provides a credit of 5 points to all other Arts cards and 15 points to all other Religion cards.32.92 Deism (Religion - 80)32.921 Deism reduces the effects of Superstition (30.322).32.922 Deism provides a credit of 15 points to Enlightenment, Monotheism and Theology.32.93 Illuminazione (Religione - 150)32.931 Enlightenment nullifies the effects of Superstition (30.222), and reduces the effects of Slave Revolt (30.423).32.932 A player must hold Enlightenment before he acquires either Monotheism or Theology.32.933 Enlightenment provides a credit of 15 points to Monotheism and Theology.32.94 Monoteismo (Religione - 220)32.941 At the end of the calamity phase, prior to the city support check and the acquisition of civilization cards, a player holding Monotheism may convert the occupants of any one area adjacent by land to an area containing his own units by replacing the units in that area with his own units. An area containing either a city or one or more tokens may be taken over in this manner, being replaced by a city or tokens, respectively.32.942 If the player holding Monotheism does not have sufficient units in stock to replace units in a target area, he may not convert that area. The area must be adjacent by land to an area containing the player's own units, and may not be occupied by units belonging to another player who also has Monotheism or Theology. Barbarian tokens and Pirate cities may not be converted by Monotheism.32.943 Monotheism aggravates the effects of Iconoclasm and Heresy (30.815).32.944 Monotheism may only be acquired by a player who holds Enlightenment.32.95 Theology (Religion - 250)32.951 Theology reduces the effects of Iconoclasm and Heresy (30.814, 30.819).32.952 A player who holds Theology is not affected by Monotheism.32.953 Theology may only be acquired by a player who holds Enlightenment.Movement of Markers on the Archeological Succession Table (A.S.T.)MOVIMENTO DEGLI INDICATORI SULLA A.S.T.33.1 At the end of each turn, each player's marker is moved one space to the right along the A.S.T. In some situations, a marker may not move forward or may even be moved backward one space.33.11 A player's marker may not enter a new epoch unless the epoch entry requirements are met.33.2 Epoch Entry Requirements:33.21 Etࠤella Pietra - Nessuna.33.22 Early Bronze Age - two cities in play.33.23 Late Bronze Age - three cities in play and ownership of at least three groups of civilization cards (i.e., three of the five colors must be present). Remember that some cards belong to and count as two groups.33.24 Early Iron Age - four cities in play and ownership of at least nine civilization cards, including civilization cards from all five groups (i.e. all five colors must be present).33.25 Late Iron Age - five cities in play. Each space in the Late Iron Age contains a point value. To enter such a space, the value of a player's civilization cards must at least equal the value printed in the space. Commodity cards and treasury are not counted.33.3 If a player has fewer cities in play than the number required to enter an epoch, his marker is frozen on the A.S.T. and may not advance further in that epoch until he has again constructed the required number of cities. This determination is made at the time markers are moved along the A.S.T.33.4 If a player ends a round with no cities in play, his marker moves backwards on the A.S.T. at the rate of one space per turn, unless that player is in the Stone Age, which has no city.Vincere la PartitaVincere la Partita34. LA FINE DEL GIOCO34.1 The game ends when either of the following conditions is met:A. At least one player moves his marker onto a finish square on the A.S.T. The move into the finish square counts as the last step along the A.S.T. The player who first reaches a finish square on the A.S.T. does not necessarily win the game.B. A predetermined time limit is reached.34.2 Because of the length of time required to move to the end of the A.S.T., games will often end when a time limit is reached. In the interest of fairness, this time limit should be set before the game starts. Players must complete the final turn before determining the winner.35. DETERMINARE IL VINCITORE35.1 The winner is determined by adding the value of the following:A. Civilization cards (the total face value).B. Commodity cards (the total value of sets plus the face value of individual cards).C. Treasury (the number of tokens in Treasury).D. Posizione nell'A.S.T. (100 punti per ogni spazio)E. Cities (50 points for each city on the board).35.2 The player with the highest point value is the winner. This will not necessarily be the player with the most valuable civilization cards or the player who is furthest along the A.S.T., although both are an important source of points. If two or more players have the same number of points, the game is a tie.Una Guida per i Giocatori di CIVILIZATIONUna Guida per i Giocatori di CIVILIZATIONThe following article is directed at those who are familiar with CIVILIZATION It explains the main differences between CIVILIZATION and ADVANCED CIVILIZATION, and is intended to ease the transition from the old game to the new. The organization format of the ADVANCED CIVILIZATION rules has been used, as it essentially follows the sequence of play for each game turn.I ComponentiADVANCED CIVILIZATION uses the CIVILIZATION mapboard, including, if available, the Western Expansion Mapboard. Similarly, the nine sets of players tokens from the original game are used. Many of the other game components have been redone, although their general design and intent is unchanged.Eight new civilization cards have been added, and all the civilization cards have been reprinted, with their attributes appearing on the back of each card. The sixteen civilization cards from the original game are used in ADVANCED CIVILIZATION although some costs, credits and groupings have been changed.There are also four new calamity cards, to be used with the eight calamities from the original game.The four redbacked calamities have been reprinted with brown backs.This gives a total of 24 civilization cards and 12 calamities.The total number of commodity cards has been increased from 66 to 114. Players who have used the expansion trade cards will be familiar with timber, oil, wine, silver, resin, dye and ivory. In ADVANCED CIVILIZATION the number of each commodity is generally greater, in part to balance the new calamities.One important new component is the Civilization Card Credit Sheet, which is meant to be photocopied and used by players during every game. This handy table shows the credits given by each civilization card, as well as the cost and prerequisites, if any, of each civilization card. A player can thus see at a glance the credits he has amassed towards the purchase of new civilization cards. Space is also provided so players can keep track of the civilization cards they have acquired and their cumulativepoint totals, which are so important for A.S.T. advancement.Finally, the attributes of the various civilization cards and the effects of calamities are set out on separate player aids for easy reference.Avvia la partitaFew changes have been made in setting up the game, other than in the preparation of the trade card stacks. Simply put, the tradable calamities are shuffled into the bottom portion of each trade card stack, so they won't be drawn right away. At least as many commodity cards as there are players are placed at the top of each stack. Nontradable calamities are placed at the bottom of each stack. This method has generally met with approval, although there are many optional rules permitting different approaches to calamities (see "Season to Taste", p.46).The Sequence of PlayThe overall sequence of play is unchanged from CIVILIZATION, except that calamities are resolved before the acquisition of civilization cards. This prevents players from purchasing a civilization card in order to reduce or avoid the effects of a yet to be resolved calamity.The sequence of play, and the important changes in play during each phase, are set out below.TassazioneLe cittࠤel giocatore che possiede democrazia non si rivoltano mai. Un cambiamento non particolarmente rilevante perch頲aramente le citt࠳i rivoltano.ESPANSIONE DELLA POPOLAZIONEHere there are no changes. Population expansion occurs in A.S.T. order if any player wishes, although it will usually take place simultaneously in order to speed play, especially when players have enough tokens in stock to allow for maximum expansion.CensoNessun cambiamento.COSTRUZIONE DI NAVIPlayers now build ships in census order, so that the largest nations build their ships first. This makes ship construction consistent with movement. Players with Military build their ships last.MovimentoMovement still occurs in census order, although players who hold Military move after players who do not. Census order applies as between all players who hold Military.Players who hold Roadbuilding may move their tokens through two land areas, provided the first area does not contain units belonging to anyone else.CONFLITTOCity surrender has been abolished. If the defender does not have the normal six tokens to substitute for a city, he uses what tokens he has and combat is resolved normally.A significant change involves the pillaging of destroyed cities. A player who eliminates a city in combat may pillage it by transferring up to three tokens from stock to treasury. The defender's treasury is unaffected, as he has already lost the city. In addition, the attacker draws one commodity card from the defender's hand and retains it for his own use.These changes not only make aggression profitable in some circumstances, but add an element of uncertainty in the handling of trade cards. A player who tries to corner a market by holding a large number of valuable commodity cards for a turn may find his precious hoard under attack from jealous neighbors. These changes do not make war itself profitable, but the occasional raid, especially if the victim can not or does not retaliate, can be quite rewarding.Engineering now aids in the attack, as well as the defense, of cities. A player who holds Engineering may attack a city with only six tokens, while if the defender holds Engineering eight tokens are required. If both players hold Engineering, the effects cancel.Costruzione CittPlayers who hold Architecture may use tokens from treasury to assist in the construction of one city each turn. At least half the cost of construction must be paid with onboard tokens.RIMOZIONE DELLA POPOLAZIONE IN ECCESSONessun cambiamento.Reduction of Unsupported CitiesNessun cambiamento.Acquisizione delle carte di commercioHere there are no changes, although the increased number of trade cards makes for greater variety in this phase.ScambioThe rules for trading have been simplified and improved. Each player involved in a trade must trade at least three cards, truthfully stating the number of cards traded. In addition, each player must honestly name two of the trade cards being traded. There is no requirement to state the total point value of the cards being traded.This means that in every trade two cards from each player will be known, although at least one card will be unknown. This change not only makes trading simpler and faster, it encourages the trading of calamities. At the same time, a player who risks getting a calamity can be certain of getting something of value.Another major change in trading involves tradable calamities. No calamities are revealed until trading has concluded, and thus the eight tradable calamities may be traded repeatedly until the trading session ends. Whoever holds a calamity at that time becomes its primary victim. This change makes every trade exciting and dangerous.Risolvere le calamitAgain, it is important to note the change in the sequence of play. Calamities are resolved before the acquisition of civilization cards.At the end of each trading session, all calamity cards are revealed and acted upon. Calamities may not be discarded or held for the next turn. A player who failed to trade a tradable calamity card himself becomes the primary victim of the calamity.The only exception to these Draconian rules is that a player may not be the primary victim of more than two calamities. The two which take effect are selected randomly. Stoics may play without this rule. Calamities are still resolved in ascending order, after which they are put to one side until shuffled back into their trade card stacks.There are four new calamities: Treachery, Superstition, Slave Revolt and Barbarian Hordes. In addition, changes have been made in the other eight calamities. These are examined in greater detail later.Acquisition of Civilization CardsApart from various changes in credits, civilization cards are acquired as before. A very important change is that there is no limit to the number of civilization cards a player may acquire, nor is there a limit to the number of each type of civilization card. A player may thus acquire all 24 civilization cards, and in fact it is theoretically possible for every player to acquire every civilization card. Because of this change, the order in which civilization cards are acquired is usually not important. If a player wishes to see what a neighbor acquires before making his own civilization cards purchases, A.S.T. order is used.Una volta che le carte Civilt࠳ono state acquistate, tutte le carte merci usate per pagarla, quelle in eccesso e le calamitࠣommerciabili vengono mescolate insieme e riposte in fondo ai rispettivi mazzi di carte merci. Le calamit࠮on commerciabili vengono poi riposte in fondo ai corrispondenti mazzi di carte merci.movimento nell'A.S.T.Il movimento lungo la T.S.A. si svolge come prima, ma i requisiti per le varie epoche sono cambiati.Two cities are required to enter the Early Bronze Age.Tre cittࠥ tre carte civilt࠳ono necessarie per entrare nella Etࠤel Tardo Bronzo.Four cities and nine civilization cards, including one card from each of the five groups, are required to enter the Early Iron Age.Five cities and a specific number of points in civilization cards, depending on the nation, are required to enter the Late Iron Age.Each square in the Late Iron Age has a point value. To advance further in that epoch, a nation must have that point value in civilization cards.Another change in the A.S.T. is that a nation which has entered an epoch, but no longer can meet the entry requirements, remains frozen on the A.S.T. Since civilization cards, once acquired, can never be lost, this rule only applies to the city requirements. It gives players an opportunity to catch up to the leader, as well as justly causing difficulties for nations which barely meet the city requirements when entering a new epoch.Determinazione del VincitoreIn contrast to the original game, ADVANCED CIVILIZATION can be played to a time limit. This time limit, which can be anywhere from three to seven or eight hours, should be set before the game begins. This allows a game to be completed within a set time, without the nagging feeling that the best was yet to come. This rule change is probably the one most appreciated by people who do not play the game. This improvement is a result of a new formula for determining the winner of the game. The winner is determined by adding the following values once play is completed:1. Valori delle Carte Civilizzazione2. Carte Commercio3. Pedine nel tesoro4. A.S.T. position (100 points per square)5. Numero di cittࠩn gioco (50 punti per cittCalamitThis article would not be complete without a more detailed discussion of the new calamities and civilization cards. With twelve calamities, ADVANCED CIVILIZA77ON can be brutal at times, but the challenge of guiding a nation through dark ages makes the game a true test of leadership and resilience. Because many of the original calamities have been modified, it is worth looking at all twelve calamities.Vulcano/Terremoto.This calamity is more or less the same, although the location selected by the victim must maximize the total damage. Engineering is powerless against volcanoes, but reduces the effects of earthquakes.TradimentoThe primary victim loses one city to the player who traded him the card. If Treachery is not traded, the player who drew it has one city reduced.CarestiaThe primary victim loses ten unit points, and must instruct other players to lose 20 unit points, no more than eight of which may come from any one player. With Pottery, each Grain card held by a victim reduces the effect of Famine by four unit points, although Grain cards used for this purpose may not be used to acquire civilization cards until the following turn.SuperstitionLa vittima primaria riduce tre citt஠L'effetto della Superstizione 蠲idotto da Misticismo, Deismo e Illuminazione.Guerra CivileCivil War is still potentially the most devastating calamity, but victims now have some chance of control over its effects. As before, the victim's nation is divided into two factions. Normally the first faction will consist of 35 unit points, although this is increased by five for each of Drama and Poetry and Music, and increased by ten if Democracy is held. A nation with all three civilization cards would thus retain 50 unit points, making the civil war bearable.Philosophy still ensures the loss of at least 15 unit points, while Military has the effect of eliminating five unit points from both factions once the civil war is resolved.Another very important change is that the beneficiary of the civil war is now the nation with the most units in stock. This seemingly small change has a tremendous positive effect on play, because the nation which needs help the most usually benefits. This means that no player is ever completely out of the running.Rivolta di SchiaviFifteen tokens belonging to the primary victim may not be used for city support until the following turn. This number is increased by five by Mining and decreased by five by Enlightenment.AlluvioneIf the primary victim has units on a flood plain, the effects are unchanged. If the primary victim has no units on a flood plain, one of his coastal cities is eliminated. If the primary victim holds Engineering, the coastal city is reduced rather than eliminated.Orde BarbaricheOnce you've played a game with this calamity, you'll wonder how you ever played without it. Fifteen Barbarian tokens begin in one of the primary victim's starting areas, and flow through the richest areas of his empire until they comply with population limits. The Barbarians then remain in the areas they have occupied until attacked and eliminated. Crete, which has no start areas on the edge of the board, is immune from this calamity.Optional rules allow the number of Barbarians to be increased. Use at your own risk.EpidemiaEpidemic is essentially unchanged. Medicine reduces the primary victim's losses from 16 to eight unit points, and reduces secondary victims' losses by five unit points. Roadbuilding increases losses by both primary and secondary victims by five units points. As with Famine, the secondary effects are not optional - the primary victim must designate secondary victims until the epidemic has run its course.Disordini CiviliAll but three of the primary victim's cities are reduced. Possession of each of Drama and Poetry, Music, Law and Democracy saves one city, but Military and Roadbuilding each cost an additional city.Iconoclasma ed EresiaHere the calamity is the same, although the effects of civilization cards on its effects are different. The primary victim has four cities reduced, but saves one city for each of Law and Philosophy, and three cities for Theology. One additional city is reduced for each of Monotheism and Roadbuilding. Two cities are lost by secondary victims, with Philosophy and Theology providing protection for secondary victims.PirateriaPiracy has been completely revamped. The primary victim replaces two of his coastal cities with pirate cities, which remain on the board until attacked and destroyed. The primary victim selects two secondary victims, each of whom has one coastal city replaced by a pirate city. As usual, the player who traded the calamity to the primary victim may not be selected as a secondary victim. Ships play no part in the resolution of Piracy.Carte CivilitAn entire new category of civilization cards has been added to the game, with a corresponding increase in the possibilities open to the players. The Religion category consists of Mysticism (also an Arts), Deism, Enlightenment, Monotheism and Theology.In addition, there are two new Crafts cards (Roadbuilding and Mining), one new Science/Arts card (Mathematics) and one new Civic (Military). This gives a total of 24 civilization cards, four of which belong to two groups (Engineering: Crafts/Science; Mathematics: Science/Arts; Literacy: Arts/Civic; Mysticism: Religion/Arts). The eight new civilization cards are worth a closer examination, as are a few familiar cards with different attributes. The civilization cards are analyzed in detail elsewhere in this publication.Mysticism (Religion/Arts - 50)Mysticism reduces the effects of Superstition, and otherwise is valuable for its credits and because it belongs to two groups.Deismo (Religione - 80)Deism saves two cities from Superstition.Enlightenment (Religion - 150)Enlightenment completely nullifies the effects of Superstition, and reduces the effects of Slave Revolt. In addition, it is a prerequisite for both Monotheism and Theology, and therefore its acquisition always is a cause for comment and concern.Monoteismo (Religione - 220)Monotheism is expensive and aggravates Iconoclasm and Heresy, but has a unique property which inspires dread out of proportion to its real value. The holder may convert one area each turn, by replacing the units in the area with his own. Players with Monotheism or Theology are immune from such conversion.Because only one area may be converted each turn, the effects of Monotheism are not as drastic as they may seem. Even so, when several players have Monotheism near the end of the game, it is unpleasant to be one of the few nations open to conversion.Teologia (Religione - 250)The most expensive of the new Religion cards, Theology is benign and protects its holder against both Monotheism and Iconoclasm and Heresy.Roadbuilding (Craft - 140)Roadbuilding allows land movement through two areas, provided the first does not contain enemy units. Roadbuilding aggravates the effects of Epidemic, Civil Disorder and Iconoclasm and Heresy, but provides enormous flexibility during play- Engineering is required for the acquisition of Roadbuilding.Estrazione mineraria (Tecnica - 180)Mining allows the holder to increase the value of it set of Iron, Bronze, Silver, Gems or Gold by one card. Four Bronze are thus treated as five when used for the acquisition of civilization cards. This ability may only be used once cach turn, but Mining still pays its way, especially if acquired early. Engineering is required for the acquisition of Mining.Matematica (Scienze/Arti - 230)Mathematics doesn't do anything, but it provides a useful outlet for the credits accumulated by a scientific and artistic civilization.Military (Civica - 180)Military allows tile holder to build ships and move after other players. This attribute is extremely powerful, as it lets a large nation wage war effectively or embark upon unanswer able raids for pillage and trade cards. In theory, it is also useful for defense.Even so, Military is very expensive because there are almost no credits available towards its purchase, and also because it provides no credits to other cards.Architettura (Arti - 120)Architecture is virtually a new card. It belongs to only one group, is more expensive and has a powerful attribute: the construction of cities using tokens from treasury, as described above.The Effects of the New Civilization CardsThe civilizations which are possible in the game are now more diverse and complex than was ever the case in CIVILIZATION. The personalities of the players and the requirements of the various nations ensure unique patterns of development for each culture.This would not have been possible without the introduction of the new Religion category, together with the creation of several higher level Crafts and Science cards. While it is theoretically possible for a player to acquire every civilization card, most games will end long before this happens. When the victor is determined, each civilization will be different. In the meantime, players have the satisfaction of creating something original, rather than marching down a predetermined path.ConclusioneFew players who play ADVANCED CIVILIZATION will ever go back to the original game. The overall effect of the rule changes is to make ADVANCED CIVILIZATION more challenging and interesting, although no more difficult, to play.The increased number of calamities make them a constant threat to every nation's civilization. Far from introducing more luck into the game, the new calamities force players to be more attentive to external dangers, and the skilful player will always "somehow" be lucky when it comes to calamity effects. The balancing effects of Civil War, one of the best new rules, ensure that no nation is ever really out of the game because of calamities.The new rules relating to city elimination make aggression more profitable, without turning ADVANCED CIVILIZATION into a wargame. Aggression is now a more reasonable policy, and this forces players to pay attention to threats from other nations. Again, the overall effect of the changes is to make the players aware of just how many things the ancients had to worry about.Finally, the new method of victory determination allows games to be played in a reasonable time, which means that relatives and friends who previously couldn't afford to spend twelve or fourteen hours playing a game can now be enticed into an afternoon of ADVANCED CIVILIZATION. This is one of the great attractions of ADVANCED CIVILIZAT70N - because it is not a wargame and every player engages in a creative activity, it is suitable for a much wider range of players. It is, in fact, the epitome of a "social game", so much so that true enthusiasts sometimes find that they don't really care whether or not they win the game.On the other hand, the sense of history generated by ADVANCED CIVILIZATION can be so great that players find themselves identifying with the nations to an alarming degree. In the games I have played, passions have been aroused, tensions have been high and holy wars of revenge have been launched. Only a truly classic game can bring out the best (and worst) in people.In short, there is something for everyone. Both "nongamers" and hard-core wargamers can enjoy themselves. Every player's personality will be reflected in his or her civilization. You will always have fun playing ADVANCED CIVILIZATION but of course whether your nation develops an advanced civilization is another question.Putting It All TogetherThe ADVANCED CIVILIZATION expansion kit consists of the following components:1. 24 carte civilizzazione, otto di ciascun tipo.2. Un mazzo di 80 carte commercio, come segue: otto Ferro, sette Papiro, otto Legname, sette Olio, sei Vino, cinque Argento, sei Spezie, cinque Resina, cinque Gemme, quattro Porpora, cinque Oro, quattro Avorio, uno ciascuno di Vulcano / Terremoto, Tradimento, Carestia, Superstizione, Guerra civile, Rivolta degli Schiavi, Inondazione, Orde Barbariche, e due carte bianche.3. An Archaeological Succession Card.4. Summary of Calamity Effects.5. Rulebook and Gamer's Guide.The ADVANCED CIVILIZATION expansion kit must be used with a CIVILIZATION game. The mapboard, playing pieces, player mats and place cards from the original game are used.In addition, the Ochre, Hides, Salt, Grain, Cloth and Bronze commodity cards from CIVILIZATION are used, together with the Epidemic, Civil Disorder, Iconoclasm and Heresy and Piracy calamity cards. The remaining trade cards from the original game, including the four redbacked calamities, are not used in ADVANCED CIVILIZATIONIn short, the expansion kit is combined with the original CIVILIZATION game to create ADVANCED CIVILIZATION. Virtually all components which have changed have been redone, but the original mapboard and units are still used, and for this reason it was decided not to simply issue ADVANCED CIVILIZATION as a complete, but more expensive, game. The expansion trade card deck, which introduced a number of new commodities, has been incorporated into ADVANCED CIVILIZATION and is thus no longer required.The Western Expansion Mapboard, on the other hand, is not included in the ADVANCED CIVILIZATION expansion kit. The Western Expansion Mapboard is not strictly necessary for ADVANCED CIVILIZATION but it is highly recommended and can be purchased separately from Avalon Hill.Pdf ScaricabiliIntroduzioneCIVILIZATION: The Expansion Project is a game of skill for five to eighteen players covering the development of ancient civilizations from the invention of agriculture to the emergence of Rome as the dominant Mediterranean power - a span of almost 8,000 years. Each player leads a civilization over a mapboard that stretches from the Mediterranean Sea to India as they attempt to carve a niche for themselves and their culture.Although battles and territorial strategy are important, CIVILIZATION: The Expansion Project is not a war game because it is not won by battle or conquest. Instead, the objective of play is to gain a level of overall advancement involving cultural, economic, political and religious factors. Conflicts that do arise result from rivalries and shortages of land rather than from attempts to eliminate other players. Nomads, farmers, warriors, merchants, artisans, priests and citizens all have an essential part to play in the development of every civilization. The player who most effectively balances these various outlooks will achieve the best balance and win the game.A full game of CIVILIZATION: The Expansion Project can take from ten to eighteen hours to complete in person. When this much time is not available, players should play to a fixed time limit (see 30.1 B, below), possibly in combination with one of the options for playing a shorter game found in the Optional Rulebook. Some scenarios from the Scenario Handbook may also require less time.Descrizione del giocoThe objective of CIVILIZATION: The Expansion Project is to acquire the greatest number of victory points (32). The winner will not necessarily be the first player to reach the end of the Archaeological Succession Table (A.S.T.) or the player with the greatest number of civilization advancements, although these are important factors in determining the winner. Civilization advancements are acquired in a step-by-step process that mirrors the actual development of the civilizations.Occupancy of areas on the board are indicated with tokens, which represent groups of people, and cities. At the start of the game, each civilization begins with a single token in its starting area. Each turn, each player increases his population by adding one token to each area containing a single token and two tokens to each area containing two or more tokens.Each player may then move his tokens to new areas by land or by boarding ships and moving by sea into other land areas. Players generally move their tokens into areas of the board that are fertile and defensible. This movement represents the travels of nomadic tribes and their search for suitable homeland.After movement, conflict is resolved in land areas containing surplus population. As population of the board reaches its limit, conflict becomes more common as border wars help to establish the boundaries of each civilization. The scope of expansion is often limited by the loss of tokens in contested areas.After conflict is resolved, cities may be constructed in areas that contain enough tokens. City construction is a more productive way of absorbing population pressures than is territorial expansion, for while cities require an agricultural hinterland, they are better able to resist attack and generate revenue through taxes that may be used to establish a central fund for the benefit of the whole state. The transfer of tokens from stock into treasury represents the payment of taxes. Players must strive to maintain a balance between rural and urban populations.Each turn, players collect one trade card for each city they have on the board. Most trade cards are commodities, but some are calamities that may affect one or more players. Trade cards,including some calamities, are then exchanged between players during the trading session, allowing players to build up sets of commodity cards. Once all calamities are resolved, these commodity card sets and tokens in treasury may be exchanged for civilization advancements.Cities are thus essential to provide the wealth needed to advance a civilization, but others with a more energetic outlook will surpass a civilization that fails to augment this wealth by trade. However, trade is not without its hazards in the form of calamities that can have a disastrous effect on people who have failed to evolve a balanced culture. Such calamities may also indirectly provide the impetus from which a well-organized society can rise in new ways and achieve still further greatness. Even so, the best calamities are those that happen to other civilizations.Componenti del Gioco6. Pedine di Credito7. Quick Charts8.2.2 Cards used in 5-11 player games8.2.3 Cards used in 12-18 player games1.1 Il gioco 蠣ostituito dai seguenti componenti:A. Core Rulebook (this book) and Scenario Handbook.B. The mapboard covering the Mediterranean Sea to India.C. Diciotto plance del giocatore.D. Eighteen sets of playing pieces, plus an extra set for barbarian tokens and pirate cities.E. Eighteen sets of civilization advancement cards.F. Five sets of credit tokens, to represent credits earned purchasing prior civilization advancements.G. Eighteen civilization advancements quick charts.H. Eighteen civilization advancements credit quick charts.I. Deck of 286 commodity cards.J. Mazzo di 48 carte calamitK. Eighteen calamity quick charts.The mapboard contains a map that represents the ancient civilized world from Spain to India and also holds a number of charts and tables including the A.S.T. (Archaeological Succession Table). The actual map has been divided into areas for purposes of population and movement. These areas contain significant features central to the play of the game, while the tables off to the sides help players keep track of their progress.2.2.1 Tutto i territori colorati in verde e marrone sono considerati di terra. Tutte le aree che contengono terra sono chiamati aree di terra. Righe bianche sul territorio di colore verde e marrone sono chiamati confini terrestri.2.2.2 Tutte le zone di colore blu indicano l'acqua. Tutte le aree contenenti acqua sono chiamate zone d'acqua. Righe bianche sul territorio di colore blu sono chiamati confini d'acqua.2.2.3 Tutte le zone che contengono solo acqua sono chiamate aree di mare aperto.2.2.4 La maggior parte delle zone di acqua contengono anche terreni, e sono quindi anche aree di terra. Quelle che consentono di tracciare un percorso rigorosamente via acqua fino ad una zona di mare aperto sono chiamati zone costiere.2.2.5 Due zone che condividano un confine sono considerate adiacenti. Se hanno un confine territoriale, sono adiacenti via terra, e se condividono un confine d'acqua sono adiacenti via acqua.2.2.6 Le aree della mappa che contengono l'AST e i mazzetti di carte commercio non sono in gioco. Aree adiacenti a queste aree sono considerati adiacenti al bordo mappa.2.2.8 Tutte le zone adiacenti ad una zona che sia parte di una determinata civilt࠳ono considerati adiacenti a quella civilt2.2.9 Due civilt࠳ono considerate adiacenti tra loro se hanno unitࠩn una stessa zona, oppure in due zone differenti adiacenti tra loro.2.3.1 I vulcani sono rappresentati da triangoli bianchi. Un vulcano pu򠥳sere situato in una singola zona sul confine tra due zone.2.3.2 Le piane alluvionali sono rappresentate dalla colorazione verde scuro. Qualsiasi zona contenente tale colorazione verde scuro 蠣onsiderata parte di una pianura alluvionale.2.3.3 I siti cittadini sono rappresentati da piccoli quadrati. La maggior parte di questi siti sono neri. Quelli bianchi si trovano nelle pianure alluvionali e sono vulnerabili alle Alluvioni. I siti cittadini neri non sono affetti dalle Alluvioni, anche se si trovano nelle parti verdi scuro delle pianure alluvionali. Le unitࠩn tali aree saranno comunque vulnerabili.2.4.1 Un numero racchiuso in un cerchio colorato indica il limite di popolazione delle zone territoriali. Questi numeri indicano il numero massimo di token che la zona pu򠯳pitare. Per facilitare l'identificazione, ogni valore ha un proprio colore.2.4.2 Tutte le altre caratteristiche della mappa sono incluse solo a scopo estetico e non hanno alcun impatto sul gioco.2.5.1 La Tabella di Successione Archeologica (AST) contiene una traccia orizzontale per ogni civilt஠Il marcatore di successione di ogni giocatore si muove lungo la traccia della sua civiltࠤa sinistra a destra. Ci sono un totale di sedici posti su ogni traccia, tra cui la posizione finale.2.5.2 L'AST 蠤ivisa in cinque epoche con sfondo differente. Le cinque epoche sono l'etࠤella pietra, l'etࠤel bronzo, la tarda etࠤel bronzo, la prima etࠤel ferro, e la tarda etࠤel ferro. Non tutte le civiltࠥntrano nella stessa epoca allo stesso tempo.2.6.1 La traccia del censimento viene usata per tenere il marcatore di censimento di ogni civilt஠Dopo l'espansione della popolazione, i giocatori determinano quanti dei loro token siano in mappa ed il loro marcatore di censimento viene spostato sul numero appropriato sulla traccia di censimento.2.6.2 I mazzetti di carte commercio sono utilizzati per contenere le varie carte di commercio durante il gioco. Ci sono due blocchi di mazzetti di carte di commercio, utilizzati quando le carte commercio sono divise tra l'Oriente e l'Occidente. Ogni blocco consiste di nove mazzetti, uno per ogni livello di carte commercio. Il numero di giocatori determiner࠱uante carte commercio sono in gioco (vedi 10.3).3.1 There are eighteen sets of playing pieces, each with a distinctive color. Each set contains 55 square tokens, nine round cities, four rectangular ships, one small square census marker bearing a number, and one small square succession marker. The extra white set of playing pieces only contains square tokens and round cities and is used to represent barbarians and pirates.3.2 Tokens are square, and are used to represent rural populations. When the term token is used, this does not include ships or cities.3.3 Le Citt࠳ono tonde, e sono utilizzate per rappresentare la popolazione urbana.3.4 Ships are rectangular, and are used to move tokens across water areas as well as fight battles (with the Naval Warfare advancement).3.5 "Units" is a term used to refer to tokens and cities, but not ships.3.6 "Unit points" is a term used to refer to the value of tokens and cities, usually in the context of resolving calamities. Each city has a value of five unit points and each token has a value of one unit point.4.1 All tokens, cities and ships not currently in play on the board are held on the player mat. These are referred to as stock and are kept in the stock area of the player mat. When tokens, cities and ships are removed from the board they are placed in stock and may be returned to play at a later time. No playing piece is ever permanently removed from the game.4.2 When tokens are placed in the treasury area of the player mat they become a currency that may be used to purchase civilization advancements, trade cards and, in some cases, mitigate the effects of calamities. It is important not to mix tokens in stock with tokens in treasury, as they serve separate functions. To maintain this distinction, tokens placed in treasury should be inverted.5.1 Civilization advancements represent 51 important aspects of civilization. There are five groups of civilization advancements, each identified by its own color and symbolic shape. Some advancements belong to two groups. The groups are: art (blue-triangle), civic (red-hexagon), craft (orange-square), religion (yellow-star), and science (green-circle).5.2 The attributes of the various civilization advancements are summarized on the civilization advancement cards. They contains no new information and is presented for ease of reference.6.1 Credit tokens come in five different sets, one each for the five groups of civilization advancements (i.e. art, civic, craft, religion, and science). Each of these colored tokens come in denominations of 5, 10, 20 and 40.6.2 As players acquire civilization advancements they will permanently acquire these credit tokens applying them to all future civilization advancements purchases of the appropriate group.7.1 The calamity quick charts sets out the effects of each calamity. They contains no new information and are printed separately for ease of reference only.7.2 The civilization advancements quick charts allows players to quickly compare the benefits and drawbacks of the different civilization advancements. They contains no new information and are printed separately for ease of reference only.7.3 The civilization advancements credit quick charts allows players to easily see the credits granted by various civilization advancements. They contains no new information and are printed separately for ease of reference only.8.1 There are two types of trade cards - commodity cards and calamity cards. The term trade card is used in the rules to refer to both commodity and calamity cards. Rules that refer specifically to commodity or calamity cards apply only to that type of card.8.2.1 There are 286 commodity cards. The cards in each deck (number of each card is in parentheses)Argilla (7), Ocra (7), Pelle (7), Lino (7), Osso (8)Iron(8), Papyri(7), Stone(7), Furs(8), Wax(8)Fish(8), Fruit(9), Salt(9), Timber(8), Ceramics(8)Oil(8), Wool(7), Cotton(7), Sugar(8), Grain(8)Wine(6), Textiles(7), Livestock(7), Lacquer(6), Glass(6)Copper(6), Tin(5), Silver(5), Bronze(6), Lead(6)Resin(5), Incense(6), Spice(6), Jade(5), Herbs(6)Gemme(5), Marmo(4), Tintura(4), T訵), Ossidiana(4)Gold(5), Ivory(4), Silk(4), Pearls(5), Amber(4)The following cards are used when playing with 5-11 players. Cards with an * are only used in games with 8-11 players:Clay, Hides, Bone*Ferro, Pietra, Cera*Pesce, Sale, Ceramica*Olio, Cotone, Grano*Wine, Livestock, Glass*Rame, Argento, Piombo*Resin, Spice, Herbs*Gemstones, Dye, Obsidian*Oro, Seta, Ambra*The following cards are used in 12-18 player games. Cards designated "East" are used by players on the eastern end of the map. "West" cards are for players in the west. Cards marked "S" are used only in games of 15-18 and are divided evenly between the East and West decks.W: Clay, Ochre; E: Hides, Flax; S: BoneW: Iron, Papyri; E: Stone, Furs; S: WaxW: Fish, Fruit; E: Salt, Timber; S: CeramicsW: Oil, Wool; E: Cotton, Sugar; S: GrainW: Wine, Textiles; E: Livestock, Lacquer; S: GlassW: Copper, Tin; E: Silver, Bronze; S: LeadW: Resin, Incense; E: Spice, Jade; S: HerbsW: Gemme, Marmo; E: Tintura, T軠S: OssidianaW: Gold, Ivory; E: Silk, Pearls; S: Amber8.3.1 There are 24 different calamity cards, two of each for a total of 48 cards. The duplicate calamity cards are used when playing with twelve or more players. The following table sets out the trade card stack in which each calamity is placed as well as its severity and trade status:Volcanic Eruption or Earthquake Major Non-tradableTradimento Maggiore ScambiabileSperpero Minore CommerciabileFamine Major Non-tradableSuperstition Major TradableTempesta Minore ScambiabileCivil War Major Non-tradableRivolta degli schiavi: calamit࠭aggiore commerciabileCity in Flames Minor TradableInondazione Maggiore Non commerciabileBarbarian Hordes Major TradableCity Riots Minor TradableCyclone Major Non-tradableEpidemia (Maggiore) CommerciabileCoastal Migration Minor TradableCorruption Major Non-tradableCivil Disorder Major TradableTribal Conflict Minor TradableTyranny Major Non-tradableMinor Uprising Minor TradableRegression Major Non-tradablePirateria Maggiore ScambiabileBanditismo Minore Commerciabile9. Il numero di giocatori9.1 CIVILIZATION: The Expansion Project may be played by between five and eighteen players. Some alternative maps may support a different number of players.9.2 If you are eighteen players, use all civilizations and the entire map. You can skip the rest of this section and continue directly with Setting up the Game (10).9.3 If you are less than eighteen players you must first decide what civilizations are going to be in play. Select the same amount of civilizations as you are players. You should always select civilizations whose starting locations are close to each other (you can not leave gaps). No civilization should be in play unless it has at least two direct neighbors. The civilizations may border over water, but not over open sea areas or zero population areas. The Scenario Handbook contains a list of suggestions. Try to reach a consensus on which civilizations to use before proceeding. If a consensus is not possible, a majority decision or a GM decree (if your game has a GM) is acceptable.9.4 Next you have to determine the playable area of the map. This is done by removing any area that is associated with a civilization not in play. See the Scenario Handbook for listings of associated areas. An area is removed from play by covering the population limit and making it impassable. If an area is associated with more than one civilization, remove it if at least one associated civilization is not in play.9.5 You may not move tokens into, nor build cities in, areas not in play. Ships may move through areas not in play, even carrying tokens, but may not unload any tokens, nor end their turn, there. You may use removed areas when tracing a path over water, but not when tracing a path over land. For all other purposes, including Barbarian Hordes, areas adjacent to areas removed from play are considered to be adjacent to the map edge.9.6 If you are twelve players or more you'll need to divide the civilizations in play into two trade card blocks. The easternmost half constitutes The East, and the westernmost half constitutes The West. If you are an odd number of players, the middle civilization belongs to the trade card block it would have belonged to in an eighteen players game.10.1 Iniziate dalla predisposizione della mappa di gioco. Se siete meno di diciotto giocatori, alcune aree dovranno essere coperte come descritto in precedenza.10.2 Classificare i progressi di civilizzazione per tipo e metterli da parte in una posizione facilmente accessibile con i gettoni di credito. In alternativa si pu򠤡re una serie di avanzamenti civiltࠡ ciascun giocatore, nel qual caso ogni giocatore deve onestamente tenere traccia di cui ha acquistato e che egli non ha, e mostrare chi chiede.10.3 Mettere in ordine le carte commercio nei rispettivi mazzetti.10.3.1 Quando il numero di giocatori 蠣ompreso tra 5 e 7, si utilizzer࠳olo uno dei mazzi di carte. Esso sarࠣomposto da tutte le risorse non segnate con un * nella tabella dei giocatori 5-11 di cui al punto (8.2.2), cos젣ome da un solo set (commerciabili e non) di calamitࠨ8.3.1.)10.3.2 Quando i giocatori sono compresi tra 8 e 11, si utilizza un solo mazzo di carte. Esso 蠣omposto di tutte le risorse elencate in (8.2.2.) e comprende un set di calamit࠭aggiori (commerciabili e non) e minori (8.3.1).10.3.3 Quando il numero di giocatori 蠣ompreso tra 12 e 14, entrambi i mazzi di carte di commercio sono in uso. Il mazzo occidentale si compone di tutte le risorse segnate con una W ed elencate al punto (8.2.3), e dall'insieme delle calamit࠭aggiori (commerciabili e non) (8.3.1). Il mazzo orientale si compone di tutte le risorse segnate con una E ed elencate al punto (8.2.3), e dall'insieme delle calamit࠭aggiori (commerciabili e non) (8.3.1).10.3.4 Quando si gioca con 15-18 giocatori, si usano due mazzi di carte di commercio. L'Occidente 蠣ostituito da tutti i prodotti contrassegnati con una W elencati in (8.2.3), e la metࠤelle carte segnate con una S, cos젣ome una serie di calamit࠭aggiori (commerciabili e non commerciabili) e minori (8.3.1). L'Oriente 蠣ostituito da tutti i prodotti contrassegnati con E, e la metࠤelle carte segnate con una S elencati (8.2.3), nonch頵na serie di calamit࠭aggiori (commerciabili e non commerciabili) e minori (8.3.1).10.3.5 Per ogni blocco (Est - Ovest) di carte di commercio in gioco, ordinare le carte delle materie prime per numero, mescolare ogni mazzetto, e poi contare un quantitativo di carte materie prime da ciascuno di secondo al nono mazzo equivalenti al numero di giocatori in quel blocco. Questi vengono messi da parte. Ciascuna delle otto principali carte di calamitࠣommerciabili, e le otto carte calamit࠭inori, se sono in gioco, vengono poi mescolate con le carte delle materie prime rimanenti del mazzetto corrispondente, e le carte delle materie prime che sono stati messi da parte vengono collocate in cima alle loro pile di carte commercio. Questo assicura che a nessun giocatore sarࠡssegnata una calamitࠣommerciabile fino a quando il gioco 蠢en avviato. Le otto carte calamit࠮on commerciabili vengono poi poste in fondo alla pila appropriata. Il primo mazzo non contiene calamit10.4 Ciascun giocatore estrae casualmente una delle civilizzazioni in gioco, prende una scheda di utilitࠥ il materiale corrispondente alla civilizzazione. I giocatori possono scambiare le civilizzazioni tra di loro se trovano un accordo.10.5 Tutti i giocatori poi mettono un token nella zona di partenza della propria civiltଠe pone i restanti 54 token, cos젣ome tutte le nove cittࠥ tutte le quattro navi, nella zona stock della scheda giocatore. Le aree di partenza sono indicate sulla mappa e elencati nel Manuale Scenari. I giocatori ripongono anche il loro marcatore successione sulla freccia inizio della loro civilt࠳ulla AST e il loro marcatore censimento sulla traccia censimento. Il gioco ora pu򠩮iziare.III. Procedura Turno Per Turno11.1 Ogni turno in un gioco di CIVILIZATION: The Expansion Project 蠳uddiviso in una serie di attivitࠤistinte, denominate fasi. Quando tutte le fasi sono state completate, il turno 蠦inito ed inizia un nuovo turno.11.2 Per accelerare il gioco, in alcune fasi tutti o parte dei giocatori possono eseguire le proprie azioni simultaneamente, laddove le loro azioni non abbiano effetti sugli altri giocatori. Nonostante ci򬠳pesso pu򠡣cadere che l'azione di altri giocatori siano di importanza cruciale nel determinare le azioni di un giocatore. I giocatori possono esigere in qualsiasi momento le azioni di una fase determinata siano eseguite nell'ordine stabilito.11.3 L'ordine di gioco dei giocatori nelle differenti fasi 蠤eterminato in nase a differenti criteri, come indicato nelle regole applicabili a ciascuna fase. Questi criteri sono riassunti nella sequenza di gioco.11.4 L'ordine AST viene utilizzato per risolvere tutti i pareggi tra le civiltଠad eccezione dei conflitti e della vittoria. L'ordine AST corrisponde all'elenco di civilt࠳ulla AST. Il manuale Scenari elenca anche tutte le civiltࠩn ordine di AST.12.1 Alla fine di ogni turno, si utilizza la sequenza di gioco seguente:Tax Collection (possibly city revolts) If cities exist A.S.T. orderPopulation Expansion Always A.S.T. orderCensus Always SimultaneousShip Construction and Maintenance If desired Census orderMovement Always Census orderConflict If necessary SimultaneousCity Construction If desired A.S.T. orderRemoval of Surplus Population If necessary A.S.T. orderCity Support Check If cities exist A.S.T. orderTrade Cards Acquisition If cities exist By ascending city countTrade If possible and desired SimultaneousCalamity Resolution If necessary In ascending orderSpecial Abilities Phase If desired A.S.T. orderCity Support Check If cities exist A.S.T. orderCivilization Advancements Acquisition If desired A.S.T. orderReturn of Excess Commodity Cards If necessary A.S.T. orderMovement of Succession Markers Always Simultaneous12.2 Un turno di gioco 蠣omposto da diciassette fasi. All'inizio del gioco ogni turno pu򠣯mporsi da una serie ridotta di fasi. Le fasi in cui non ci sono azioni da compiere sono ignorate.13. Raccolta delle tasse13.1 Ogni giocatore deve trasferire due gettoni dal magazzino al tesoro per ogni cittࠣhe ha sul tabellone.13.2 Modifica della tassazione13.2.1 I giocatori che possiedono la carta Monarchy/Monarchia (30.32) possono aumentare il tasso di imposta di un gettone per citt13.2.2 I giocatori che possiedono la carta Coinage (Conio) (30.10) possono cambiare il tasso di imposta aumentando o diminuendolo di una unit࠰er citt13.2.3 L'effetto delle carte di civilizzazione pu򠥳sere utilizzato in maniera cumulativa (Monarchy / Monarchia + Coinage/Conio possono generare una tassazione di quattro gettoni per cittࠩmponibile). Questi effetti possono essere utilizzati in maniera selettiva (per esempio, Coinage/conio pu򠥳sere utilizzato per abbassare il tasso di imposizione ad un gettone per cittଠmentre Monarchy/Monarchia non 蠵tilizzata) a condizione che il prelievo sia lo stesso su tutte le cittଠnell'ambito dello stesso turno. Pu򠥳sere definito un tasso anche se questo dovesse determinare una rivolta fiscale di alcune citt13.3 Rivolte dovute alla tassazione13.3.1 Le rivolte fiscali si verificano quando un giocatore non ha gettoni sufficienti nel suo magazzino per pagare le tasse richieste. Dopo aver pagato l'intero magazzino in tasse, le cittࠣhe non possono pagare si rivoltano. Le rivolte fiscali sono risolte solo dopo che tutti gli altri giocatori hanno pagato le tasse.13.3.2 Seguendo l'ordine dell'AST, verificare i giocatori che hanno subito una rivolta delle tasse.13.3.5 Nel raro caso in cui nessun giocatore pu򠰲endere le restanti cittࠩn rivolta, queste vengono eliminate.13.3.6 Le cittࠡppartenenti ai giocatori che posseggono la carta Democracy/Democrazia (30.13) non sono mai soggetti alle rivolte per tasse.Espansione della popolazione14.1 Each player adds one token to every area that contains one of his tokens and two tokens to every area that already contains two or more of his tokens. Tokens may be added to an area in excess of its population limit.14.2 Se un giocatore non ha tokens sufficienti in magazzino per completare la sua espansione della popolazione, distribuisce come vuole i gettoni che ha in magazzino tra le aree ammissibili, ma per il resto l'espansione della popolazione 蠡utomatica e non pu򠥳sere ridotta volontariamente.14.3 L'aumento della popolazione avviene secondo l'ordine della A.S.T.. Se l'aumento della popolazione 蠡utomatico o non ha conseguenze sugli altri giocatori, questa attivit࠰u򠥳sere effettuata simultaneamente da tutti.Censimento15.1 Ciascun giocatore conta il numero di gettoni che ha sulla plancia di gioco. Le cittࠥ le navi non sono contate.15.2 Il marcatore di censimento di ogni giocatore 蠤isposto sulla pista censimento nello spazio corrispondente alla popolazione del giocatore. E' dunque disponibile un riferimento per l'ordine di movimento. Per risolvere i pareggi, il numero sul marcatore di censimento indica la posizione di tale civilt࠮ell'ordine AST.16. Costruzione e manutenzione delle navi.16.1 I giocatori costruiscono e mantengono le navi in ordine discendente di censo.16.1.1 I giocatori che possiedono la carta Military/Militare (30.30) costruiscono e manutengono le navi sempre dopo i giocatori che non possiedono tale carta. L'ordine di costruzione e manutenzione tra giocatori che possiedono la carta Military/Militare 蠤eterminato normalmente, in ordine decrescente di censo.16.2 Costruire una nave costa due gettoni. Questo pu򠥳sere pagato dal tesoro, oppure tramite un prelievo di token del giocatore dalla zona in cui la nave viene costruita, o con una combinazione dei due.16.2.1 Una nave finanziata interamente dal tesoro pu򠥳sere piazzata in qualsiasi area di mare contenente almeno una delle unitࠤel giocatore. Una nave costruita totalmente o parzialmente mediante la leva deve essere collocata nell'area dell'acqua da cui si utilizza la leva. Tutti i token spesi per le navi vengono rimessi allo stock.16.3 Le navi giࠩn gioco devono essere mantenute ad un costo di un gettone per turno dal tesoro o tramite un prelievo di un token dalla zona in cui la nave risiede. Le navi che non sono mantenute vengono immediatamente restituite al magazzino. Un giocatore pu򠲩muovere una nave dalla mappa non pagando la manutenzione e costruire in una zona diversa nella stessa fase.Movimento17.1 Una volta terminata la fase della costruzione delle navi, i giocatori possono muovere tutti, alcuni o nessuno dei propri gettoni e navi sulla plancia. Le citt࠮on si muovono. Un giocatore non pu򠭵overe gettoni o navi di un altro giocatore.17.2 I giocatori muovono in ordine decrescente di censimento.17.2.1 I giocatori che possiedono la carta Military/Militare si spostano sempre dopo i giocatori che non possiedono tale carta. L'ordine di movimento tra i giocatori che possiedono Military/Militare 蠤eterminato normalmente, secondo l'ordine discendente di censo.17.2.2 I Barbari, che appaiono periodicamente sul tabellone come una calamitଠmuovono solo durante la fase di Risoluzione delle Calamitࠩn cui compaiono.17.3 I gettoni possono essere mossi attraverso un unico confine, o essere imbarcati su una nave presente nella stessa area. I gettoni non possono muoversi e imbarcarsi su una nave nel corso dello stesso turno.17.3.1 I giocatori in possesso di Roadbuilding (30.45) possono muovere le loro pedine attraverso un territorio e poi in un secondo territorio nella stessa fase di movimento. La prima area attraversata non pu򠣯ntenere unitࠡppartenenti ad un altro giocatore, barbari o una citt࠰irata. Roadbuilding non pu򠥳sere utilizzato per muovere token attraverso un territorio poi a bordo di una nave.17.4 Qualsiasi numero di gettoni, appartenenti a qualsiasi numero di giocatori, pu򠥳sere spostato nella stessa area. Gettoni possono essere spostati in una zona contenente una citt஠Gettoni possono essere spostati in un'area in numero superiore al limite di popolazione del territorio, anche se questo pu򠣯mportare l'eliminazione successiva di gettoni in eccesso.17.4.1 I giocatori che non sono in possesso di Diplomacy (30.15) o Military (30.30) non possono attaccare una cittࠡppartenente ad un giocatore con Diplomacy. Attaccare una cittࠨ definito come lo spostamento di token in un'area che contiene una cittࠩn forza sufficiente da generare un conflitto.17.4.2 I giocatori che non sono in possesso di Ascendenza culturale (30.11) o Advanced Military (30.2) non possono attaccare qualsiasi unitࠡppartenente ad un giocatore in possesso di Ascendenza culturale. Unitࠡttaccanti sono definite come lo spostamento di token in un'area contenente unitࠩn forza sufficiente da scatenare il conflitto.17.5.1 Le navi possono muovere solo attraverso i confini acquatici. Una nave pu򠭵overe di un massimo di quattro zone di acqua nella stessa fase di movimento.17.5.1.2 Solo i giocatori in possesso di Astronavigazione (30.6) possono muovere le loro navi in ??aree di mare aperto (2.2.3).17.5.1.3 Le navi possono terminare il movimento in qualsiasi zona d'acqua possano raggiungere, diverso da un tratto di mare aperto, a prescindere da quali navi o token occupino tale area.17.5.1.4 Alcuni territori possono avere due coste distinte. Le navi possono entrare in un territorio da qualsiasi lato, ma devono lasciarlo da quello stesso lato. Le navi non possono attraversare direttamente da una costa all'altra.17.5.2 Una nave pu򠴲asportare fino a cinque token in una sola volta. Possono imbarcarsi su una nave solo token che non siano stati spostati per via terrestre nella fase di movimento corrente.Conflitto18.1.1 I conflitti possono verificarsi tra token, tra token e cittଠe tra i token e cittࠤifese da token.18.1.2 Gettoni e cittࠥliminate a seguito di conflitto vengono restituiti al magazzino.18.2.3 Indipendentemente dal numero dei loro token nella zona, tutti i giocatori in possesso di Lavorazione del Ferro (30.21) o Lavorazione dei Metalli (30.29) rimuoveno il loro primo token dalla zona dopo che tutti i giocatori non in possesso di Lavorazione dei Metalli abbiano rimosso il loro primo token. I giocatori con la Lavorazione del Ferro tolgono la loro unitࠤopo tutti i giocatori senza Lavorazione del Ferro.18.2.3.1 Esempio: in un conflitto che coinvolge 4 giocatori, tutti con la stessa popolazione, dove:A has both Iron Working and Metal WorkingB has Iron Working (but not Metal Working)C has Metal Working (but not Iron Working)D has neither Iron nor Metal WorkingThe removal order will beD (since they have no advancements)C (all players w/out Iron remove first)B (players w/out Metal remove first, but AFTER the players w/out Iron)A (last, since they have both)18.2.4 I giocatori in possesso di Advanced Military (30.2) possono, invece di rimuovere i token dalla zona in cui si verifica il conflitto, rimuovere token da una zona adiacente via terra. Un giocatore con Advanced Military per rimuovere i token da un'area adiacente deve lasciare almeno una pedina in quella zona.18.2.5 I giocatori che detengono Guerra Navale possono, anzich蠲imuovere le pedine, rimuovere le navi dall'area in cui si svolge il conflitto.18.3.2 Se la citt࠶iene attaccata dal numero necessario di token, il difensore sostituisce la cittࠣon sei gettoni e viene risolto il conflitto risultante tra l'attaccante e i token in difesa. Se il giocatore in difesa ha meno di sei token in magazzino si sostituisce la cittࠡttaccata con i gettoni rimanenti ed il combattimento viene risolto normalmente. I giocatori hanno il diritto di risolvere eventuali altri conflitti che coinvolgono i loro token prima di risolvere gli attacchi contro le loro cittଠin modo da avere il massimo numero di gettoni per sostituire le proprie citt18.3.4 Quando un giocatore attacca una citt࠰irata, questa 蠳ostituita da gettoni bianchi al solo scopo di risolvere il combattimento. Se tali gettoni sopravvivono al combattimento risultante, vengono rimossi dalla mappa.18.3.5 I giocatori in possesso di Engineering (30.18) richiedono solo sei gettoni per attaccare una citt஠La cittࠩn difesa viene sostituita da cinque gettoni. Otto gettoni sono tenuti ad attaccare una cittࠡppartenente ad un giocatore che abbia Engineering. La cittࠨ sostituita da sette tokens. Se sia l'attaccante che il difensore hanno Engineering, gli effetti di questa si annullano a vicenda.18.4.1 I conflitti tra token vengono risolti prima degli attacchi alle citt஠I token che difendono una cittࠤevono essere eliminati prima che la citt࠶enga attaccata. La citt࠰u򠥳sere attaccata solo se, al combattimento iniziale fra token, sopravvive un numero sufficiente di gettoni.18.5.1 Quando una citt࠶iene attaccata ed eliminata da un giocatore, il giocatore attaccante preleva immediatamente, a caso, una delle carte commercio della vittima e la trattiene per proprio uso. Se la vittima non ha carte commercio, tale prelievo non si verifica.18.5.2 Oltre a prelevare una carta di commercio dalla parte della vittima, il giocatore che attacca con successo una citt࠰u򠴲asferire fino a tre token dal suo magazzino al suo tesoro, in modo da riflettere il saccheggio della cittࠤistrutta. L'attaccante pu򠳣egliere di trasferire meno di tre gettoni se lo desidera. Il numero di gettoni che possono essere saccheggiato, non pu򠳵perare il numero di gettoni in magazzino dell'attaccante, e non pu򠭡i superare i tre gettoni per citt஠Tesoreria e magazzino della vittima non sono influenzati dai saccheggi.18.5.3 Nessuna carta commercio viene prelevata n頳i verifica il saccheggio per una cittࠣonvertita da Monoteismo (25,4), annessa dalla politica (25,5), o distrutta dal fondamentalismo (25.3). Inoltre, nessuna carta commercio viene prelevata n頳i verifica il saccheggio di una cittࠥliminata dai barbari o persa a causa di qualsiasi altra calamit࠯ di una rivolta fiscale.18.5.4 Un giocatore che attacca ed elimina una citt࠰irata pu򠳡ccheggiarla.19. Costruzione Citt19.3 I giocatori in possesso di Architettura (30.5) possono utilizzare i token dal loro tesoro per contribuire alla costruzione di una citt࠰er turno. La metࠨper eccesso) dei token utilizzati devono consistere di gettoni provenienti dalla mappa, ma per il resto possono essere costituiti da gettoni presi dal tesoro.19.4 I giocatori in possesso di Lavori Pubblici (30.43) incrementano il costo di costruzione di una cittࠤi un token.19.5 I giocatori in possesso di Urbanistica (30.52) possono, quando si costruisce una cittࠩn uno spazio senza sito di cittଠutilizzare fino a quattro token da zone adiacenti via terra all'area in cui la citt࠶iene costruita. Questi gettoni vengono restituiti al magazzino. Non vi 蠡lcun limite nel numero di cittࠣhe un giocatore pu򠣯struire utilizzando Urbanistica, a condizione che abbiano un numero sufficiente di token sulla mappa.Rimozione di popolazione in eccesso20.1.1 Le aree contenenti una citt࠰ossono contenere un token se il proprietario della cittࠤetiene Lavori Pubblici (30.43).20.1.2 Il limite di popolazione nelle aree che contengano solo gettoni appartenente ad un giocatore che abbia Agricoltura (30.3) o di Irrigazione (30.22) sono incrementati di uno. Agricoltura e Irrigazione non hanno alcun effetto nelle zone in cui i token sono coesistenti o durante i conflitti.20.2 Le navi non contano ai fini dei limiti di popolazione. Qualsiasi numero di navi pu򠥳istere nella stessa zona.Esaminare di sostegno delle citt21.1 Dopo che tutti i surplus di popolazione sono stati rimossi, ogni giocatore controlla il supporto delle citt஠Ogni giocatore deve avere sul tabellone due token per ogni cittࠩn gioco. Questi token rappresentano il sostegno agricolo necessario per mantenere le popolazioni urbane. I giocatori che non hanno abbastanza token in mappa per sostenere le loro cittࠤevono ridurre le loro cittଠuno alla volta, fino a quando ci siano abbastanza gettoni per sostenere le restanti citt21.1.1 I giocatori in possesso di Cultural Ascendancy (30.11) hanno il numero di gettoni necessari necessari per sostenere una cittࠩncrementato di un'unit21.1.2 I giocatori che devono ridurre citt࠮on supportate possono scegliere le cittࠤa ridurre, con la condizione che le cittࠣostruite nello turno in corso devono essere ridotte prima delle cittࠣostruite o acquisite in un turno precedente.21.2.1 citt࠶engono ridotte sostituendole con il massimo numero di token consentiti dal limite di popolazione del territorio. Questi token aggiunti possono essere immediatamente utilizzati come supporto di altre citt࠶ulnerabili alla riduzione. Se, riducendo una cittଠi giocatori scoprono che non hanno abbastanza token in magazzino per soddisfare il limite di popolazione, sostituiscono la cittࠣon tutti i token che in magazzino. Se altre citt࠲isultano ancora non supportate, vengono eliminate.21.2.2 Quando si rende necessaria la riduzione cittࠡ seguito di calamitଠsi segue la medesima procedura di cui sopra.21.3 Il supporto citt࠳i verifica solo in due punti critici si ogni turno - dopo la rimozione della fase Surplus popolazione (20) e dopo la fase delle abilitࠓpeciali (25). Questi due punti sono indicati nella Sequenza di Gioco. Il supporto di citt࠮on si verifica in nessun altro momento, fatta eccezione per la risoluzione di Slave Revolt (29.4.2).22 Acquisizione delle carte commercio Comprare le carte commerciali22.1 I giocatori pescano una carta commercio da altrettanti mazzetti di carte commercio per quante cittࠡbbiano sulla mappa. Il giocatore con il minor numero di cittࠩn mappa pesca per primo le sue carte commercio, seguito dal giocatore con il minor numero di cittࠦra i rimanenti, e cos젶ia, fino a quando tutti i giocatori hanno pescato le proprie carte commercio.22.1.2 Quando sono in gioco due differenti blocchi di carte di commercio separati fra Oriente ed Occidente, le civilt࠯ccidentali pescano carte da ovest e le civilt࠯rientali traggono da est. Una civilt࠯ccidentale pescherࠣarte solo da ovest, mai da est, e una civilt࠯rientale pescherࠣarte solo da est, mai da ovest. Essi possono, ovviamente, ricevere le carte di altri blocchi tramite commercio.22.2.1 Se un mazzetto 蠶uoto, un giocatore non ha il diritto di sostituire la carta persa con una da un altro mazzetto. Il giocatore deve semplicemente rinunciare a pescare una carta commercio da quel particolare mazzetto.22.3 I giocatori non possono rivelare quali carte commercio abbiano pescato in quanto potrebbero aver acquisito una carta di calamitࠣhe possono essere in grado di commerciare con un altro giocatore. Il giocatore che ha carte calamitࠣhe non possono essere commerciate (eruzione vulcanica o terremoto, la carestia, la guerra civile, alluvione, ciclone, corruzione, tirannia e regressione) deve mantenerle sino a che tutto il commercio sia completo; esse non possono essere scambiate.22.4 Le carte commercio devono essere tenute in segreto. Mentre sono nelle mani di un giocatore, le carte commercio sono gli unici elementi che non siano accessibili dagli altri giocatori.23. Commercio23.2 Il commercio viene esercitato con un sistema di baratto che comprende le sole carte commercio. Le offerte di commercio non possono includere tesoro o carte civilizzazione. Qualsiasi commercio pu򠣯involgere solo due giocatori.23.3 Ogni transazione deve coinvolgere almeno tre carte di commercio per parte. Un giocatore con meno di tre carte commercio non pu򠣯mmerciare. Negoziando un compromesso ogni giocatore deve informare onestamente l'altro sul numero di carte di commercio che desidera scambiare e l'identitࠤelle prime due carte commercio coinvolte nello scambio. Queste informazioni devono essere corrette - la carta o le carte rimanenti non devono essere specificate e possono consistere in qualsiasi bene o carta(e) di calamitࠣommerciabile, indipendentemente da ci򠣨e 蠳tato detto all'altro giocatore. Un giocatore non pu򠭯strare le carte commercio ad un altro giocatore nel corso del negoziato, ed un giocatore non pu򠩮formare gli altri giocatori dei dettagli di uno scambio dopo che questo 蠳tato completato.24. Risoluzione delle Calamit24.7 Ordine di Risoluzione delle Calamit24.1 Il giocatore in possesso di un carta calamitࠡl termine della fase di negoziazione 蠬a vittima primaria di tale calamit24.1.1 In molti casi, la calamit࠲ichiede alla vittima primaria di selezionare altri giocatori come vittime secondarie. La vittima primaria non pu򠲩nunciarvi, ma il giocatore che ha scambiato una carta calamit࠳cambiabile con la vittima primaria non pu򠥳sere selezionato come vittima secondaria.24.1.2 Se un giocatore che ha pescato una calamitᠣommerciabile non la scambia, diventerᠬa vittima principale della calamitᬠe ogni altro giocatore ammissibile pu󠥳sere nominato vittima secondaria.24.1.3 I token dei Barbari e le cittࠤei pirati non possono essere selezionati come vittime secondarie e non sono mai colpiti da calamit24.3 Quando si risolvono le calamitଠtenere presente le regole per la riduzione della cittࠨ21.2) e i punti unitࠨ3.6). Le citt࠰ossono essere ridotte per "cambiarle" in token quando le calamit࠲ichiedono la rimozione di punti unit஠Se una citt࠶iene ridotta, le pedine restanti sul territorio non vengono conteggiate per la risoluzione della calamit24.4 Quando una calamit࠲ichiede la rimozione, la riduzione o l'eliminazione di un determinato numero di token, citt࠯ punti unitࠥ un giocatore non ha abbastanza token, citt࠯ punti unitࠩdonei per soddisfare il requisito, rimuove, riduce o elimina tutti token, citt࠯ punti unitࠩdonei.24.5 I giocatori devono cercare di mantenere le perdite per calamitᠡl numero esatto richiesto, se possibile. Qualora non sia possibile, il giocatore pu򠥣cedere il totale richiesto, ma nella quantitᠭinore possibile.24.7.1 Le calamit࠭inori vengono risolte per prime, prima di quelle maggiori. I giocatori mostrano queste calamit࠳imultaneamente. La maggior parte di queste calamit࠰ossono essere risolte simultaneamente a meno che un giocatore abbia da obiettare. In tal caso, le calamit࠶erranno risolte in ordine crescente (cio蠩niziando dallo Spreco di Risorse e finendo con il Brigantaggio) seguendo l'ordine di T.S.A. in caso di pareggio.24.7.2 Le principali calamit࠶engono quindi rivelate e risolte in ordine crescente, a partire dall'Eruzione Vulcanica o dal Terremoto e terminando con la Pirateria. Le calamit࠮on negoziabili vengono risolte prima delle calamit࠳cambiabili dallo stesso mazzo di scambio (ovvero, l'ordine di risoluzione 蠅ruzione vulcanica, Tradimento, Carestia, Superstizione, ecc.). Se due giocatori hanno lo stesso numero di calamit࠭aggiori, i pareggi vengono risolti in ordine A.S.T. Qualsiasi giocatore con una calamitࠣhe dovrࠥssere risolta in un secondo momento pu򠲩solvere una calamit࠭aggiore contemporaneamente a un'altra calamitଠa condizione che le sue azioni non abbiano alcun effetto sulla risoluzione dell'altro giocatore. Questo tipo di risoluzione simultanea 蠩ncoraggiato e accelererࠩl gioco.24.8 Dopo che tutte le calamitᠳiano state risolte, sono poste di lato per essere successivamente ricollocate insieme alle carte commercio (27.3).25. Fase Abilitࠓpeciali25.2 Diaspora25.3 Fondamentalismo25.4 Monoteismo25.5 Politica25.6 Impero Provinciale25.7 Impero Commerciale25.8 Dottrina Universale25.1 In questa fase, ogni giocatore pu󬠳e desidera, usare abilitᠳpeciali derivanti da carte di civilizzazione in suo possesso.25.1.1 Queste abilit࠳ono state risolte in ordine A.S.T. Non vi 蠡lcun limite alla quantitࠤi abilit࠳peciali che possono essere risolte da un solo giocatore, ad eccezione di quanto descritto in ciascun avanzamento della civilt஠Ogni giocatore pu򠲩solvere queste abilit࠮ell'ordine che preferisce, sebbene debbano essere tutte risolte prima che il successivo giocatore in ordine A.S.T. risolva le sue.25.1.2 Una volta che tutti i giocatori hanno utilizzato le abilit࠳peciali che desiderano utilizzare, ripetere la Fase di Controllo del Supporto della Cittࠨ21).25.2.1 Un giocatore in possesso di Diaspora (30.14) pu򠣯struire una cittࠩn un area della mappa o popolarla fino al limite della popolazione, purch頳ia completamente vuota a condizione che possa tracciare un percorso (per quanto lungo) da un'area con le sue unitࠡll'area scelta.25.2.2 Quando traccia questo percorso, il giocatore non pu򠳣egliere aree di terra contenenti unit࠮emiche. Sezioni di mare e di terra nella stessa area geografica sono considerate due aree diverse al fine di questa regola.25.3.1 Un giocatore in possesso di Fondamentalismo (30.20) pu򠤩struggere gli occupanti di qualsiasi area adiacente a quelle della sua civiltଠrimuovendo tutti i pedini e le cittࠩn quella zona.25.3.2 L'area non pu򠥳sere occupata da unitࠡppartenenti a qualsiasi giocatore in possesso di Fondamentalismo o Filosofia (30.39). I segnalini barbarici e le cittࠤei pirati non possono essere distrutti dal fondamentalismo.25.4.1 Un giocatore in possesso di Monoteismo (30.33) pu򠣯nvertire gli occupanti di una qualsiasi area adiacente a quelle della sua civilt࠳ostituendo le unitࠩn quella zona con le proprie unit25.4.2 Se il giocatore non ha abbastanza unitࠤisponibili per sostituire le unitࠩn un'area bersaglio, non pu򠣯nvertire quell'area.25.4.3 L'area non pu򠥳sere occupata da unitࠡppartenenti a nessun giocatore in possesso di Monoteismo o Teologia (30.48). I segnalini barbarici e le cittࠤei pirati non possono essere convertiti dal monoteismo.25.5.1 Un giocatore in possesso di Politica (30.40) pu򠡮nettere tutti gli occupanti di una qualsiasi area adiacente alla sua civilt࠳ostituendo le unitࠩn quella zona con gettoni del proprio tesoro. Un'area contenente una citt࠰u򠥳sere annessa in questo modo sostituendo la cittࠣon una dalla sua riserva e trasferendo cinque segnalini del tesoro alla riserva.25.5.2 Se il giocatore in possesso di Politica non ha sufficienti segnalini in tesoreria o cittࠩn riserva per sostituire tutte le unitࠩn un'area bersaglio, non pu򠡮nettere quell'area.25.5.3 L'area non pu򠥳sere occupata da unitࠡppartenenti a nessun giocatore in possesso di Politica o di Crescita Culturale (30.11). I segnalini barbarici e le cittࠤei pirati non possono essere annessi con Politica.25.5.3 Invece di annettere territorio, un giocatore pu򠩮vece trasferire fino a 5 segnalini dalla riserva al proprio tesoro.25.6.1 Un giocatore in possesso di Impero provinciale (30.42) pu򠰥scare una carta merce con un valore nominale di almeno due (scelta dell'avversario) da ciascuna civiltࠡdiacente, a meno che quel giocatore detenga Impero provinciale o Lavori pubblici (30.43).25.6.2 In questo modo il possessore di Impero Provinciale pu򠲡ccogliere un massimo di cinque carte per round.25.7.1 Un giocatore in possesso di Trade Empire (30.49) pu򠳣egliere qualsiasi giocatore che non possiede Trade Empire o Wonder of the World (30.53) e chiedere una specifica carta merce. Se il giocatore ha questa carta merce, deve consegnarla al giocatore.25.7.2 Se il giocatore non ha la merce richiesta, il giocatore che detiene Trade Empires pu򠲩petere lo step precedente altre due volte chiedendo la stessa merce da un giocatore diverso ogni volta.25.7.3 Una volta acquisita la merce o dopo aver chiesto a tre giocatori, non pu򠵳are di nuovo questa abilitࠩn questo turno.25.8.1 Un giocatore in possesso di Universal Doctrine (30.51) pu򠣯nvertire cinque unitࠤi token barbarici o citt࠰irata sulla mappa e sostituirli con le proprie unitଠa condizione che possa tracciare un percorso (per quanto lungo) da un'area con le sue unitࠦino all'area bersaglio.25.8.2 Nel tracciare questi percorsi il giocatore non pu򠰡ssare su aree di terra contenenti unit࠮emiche. Le zone di mare e di terra che fanno parte di una sola regione sono da considerati due aree diverse ai fini di questo conteggio.25.8.3 Se il giocatore in possesso di Universal Doctrine non ha unit࠳ufficienti nella riserva per sostituire altre unitଠnon pu򠣯nvertirle. Non ha bisogno di essere in grado di convertire tutti i token in un'area per usare questo potere (ad es. Pu򠣯nvertire due dei quattro token barbarici in un'area).26. Acquisizione avanzamenti di Civilt26.3 Carte merci26.4 Cittini26.5 Crediti26.6 Restrizioni27. Restituzione eccesso di carte Commodity27.3 Ricollocazione nei mazzi delle Carte Commercio usate26.1.2 Gli avanzamenti della civilt࠳ono acquisiti in A.S.T. ordine. Ci򠣯nsente ad alcuni giocatori di vedere quali avanzamenti di civilt࠳tanno acquisendo gli altri giocatori prima di decidere le proprie. Per accelerare il gioco, 蠳pesso possibile rinunciare a questa regola in modo che tutti i giocatori acquisiscano contemporaneamente le carte civilt26.2 Il costo di acquisto degli avanzamenti di civiltࠤeve essere pagato da una combinazione di quanto segue:26.3.2 I valori di queste carte, se raccolti in set, sono stampati su ciascuna carta merce. Prodotti diversi, anche dello stesso valore, non possono essere combinati in set.26.3.3 In a game with 12-15 players the face values of set redeemed in its non-native trade block is added to the set value. That is if an eastern player trades in three oil cards (each worth 4) it has a set value of 3 x 3 x 4+(3 x 4)=36+12=48, rather than 3 x 3 x 4 = 36, which is the value if a western player had traded in the same three cards. This means the set can be worth more than the maximum set value printed on the cards.26.3.4 In a game with 16-18 players follow the procedure listed above for 12-15 player games except that shared commodities (those natively present in both the east and the west) do not get any bonus for being redeemed in different trade blocks in which they were drawn.26.4.2 Per i giocatori in possesso di Estrazione Mineraria (30.31) i token tesoro valgono due punti quando vengono spesi per acquistare direttamente gli avanzamenti della Civilt26.5.1 Tutti gli avanzamenti della civiltࠦorniscono token di credito che, quando mostrati al momento dell'acquisto, offrono uno sconto sugli avanzamenti della civiltࠡppartenenti al campo di studio appropriato. La maggior parte degli avanzamenti della civiltࠦornisce anche un bonus diretto una tantum che si applica a uno specifico avanzamento della civilt26.5.3 Un riepilogo dei crediti 蠳tampato sulle classifiche dei crediti di avanzamento della civilt஠Questi grafici non contengono nuove informazioni, ma forniscono un utile sommario delle informazioni riportate di seguito e sulle carte stesse.26.5.7 Un giocatore deve usare un credito se si applica a un avanzamento di civiltࠣhe sta acquistando. Non pu򠳣egliere di ignorare il credito per spendere i token del tesoro.26.5.8 Se un giocatore ha crediti sufficienti per acquisire un avanzamento di civilt࠳enza alcuna spesa di carte merce o gettoni tesoro, pu򠡣quisire quella carta civiltࠡ costo zero.26.5.9 Non viene dato alcun "resto" se il valore delle carte merce e dei crediti supera il valore degli avanzamenti della civiltࠡcquistati. Qualsiasi eccesso viene perso.26.6.2 Una volta acquisiti, i progressi della civilt࠮on possono essere scartati o scambiati.26.6.3 Gli avanzamenti di Civiltࠩn possesso dei giocatori devono essere consultabili in qualunque momento dagli altri giocatori e non devono essere tenuti segreti.27.1 I giocatori in possesso di rotte commerciali (30.50) possono a questo punto scambiare carte merce con gettoni tesoro. Per ogni punto del valore nominale di una carta merce cos젳cambiata, i giocatori devono trasferire due gettoni dallo stock al tesoro. Se un giocatore non ha abbastanza gettoni, non pu򠳣ambiare quella carta merce.27.2 After acquiring civilization advancements and exchanging commodity cards for treasury tokens players may retain up to eight commodity cards in their hands for the next turn. Any excess commodity cards of the player's choice must be surrendered, displayed, shuffled together with commodity cards used to acquire civilization advancement and with calamities that took place in the same turn, then placed, face down, at the bottom of the appropriate trade card stack. Players may not conceal the number of commodity cards they retain.27.2.2 I giocatori che possiedono Diaspora (30.14) mantengono una carta commercio in meno.27.2.3 Gli effetti di Rotte di Commercio e Diaspora sono cumulativi.27.3.2 Tutte le calamit࠮on commerciabili che sono state estratte durante il turno sono collocate in fondo al corrispondente mazzo di carte commercio.27.3.3 When separate eastern and western stacks are in use, trade cards that were drawn from one trade card block are to be returned to the same block as they were drawn from, as indicated on the card.28. Movimento dei Marcatori di Successione28.2 Requisiti di ingresso per le epoche28.3 Situazioni in cui l'A.S.T. 蠢loccato28.4 Situazioni in cui il marcatore dell'A.S.T. retrocede28.1 Alla fine di ogni turno, il segnalino di ogni giocatore 頭osso di una casella a destra lungo l'A.S.T. In alcune situazioni, il segnalino pu򠮯n avanzare a destra, o addirittura indietreggiare a sinistra di una casella.28.2.1 Etࠤella Pietra - nessuna.28.2.4 Prima Etࠤel Ferro - quattro cittࠩn gioco e possesso di almeno tre Carte Civilizzazione, ognuna con un valore nominale di almeno 100.28.2.5 Tarda Etᠤel Ferro - cinque cittࠩn gioco e possesso di almeno tre Carte Civilizzazione con un valore nominale di 200 ognuna.28.3.1 If a player has fewer cities in play than the number required to enter an epoch, his marker is frozen on the A.S.T. and may not advance further in that epoch until he has again constructed the required number of cities. This determination is made at the time markers are moved along the A.S.T.28.4.1 If a player ends a round with no cities in play, his marker moves backwards on the A.S.T. at the rate of one space per turn, unless that player is in the Stone Age, which has no city requirement.28.4.2 When a player resolves the calamity Regression (29.9.1) he immediately pushes himself down zero to two spaces on the A.S.T. This does not affect the Movement of Succession Markers phase.V. Regole Specifiche delle Carte29. Calamit29.2 Calamitࠤi Secondo Livello29.3 Calamitࠤi Terzo Livello29.4 Calamitࠤi Quarto Livello29.5 Calamitࠤel quinto livello 29.6 Calamitࠤi Sesto Livello29.7 Seventh Level Calamities29.8 Calamitࠤi Ottavo Livello29.9 Calamitࠤi nono livello29.1 The effects of the various calamities are set out below. The calamities are listed in the order of their trade stacks, with the non-tradable calamity first, followed by the tradable major calamity, followed by the minor calamity belonging to that trade stack. There are no calamities in the first trade card stack. These effects are summarized on the calamity quick charts.29.2.1.1 If the primary victim has any cities in an area touched by a volcano (2.3.1), the volcano erupts and eliminates all units, irrespective of ownership, in the area or areas touched by the volcano. If the primary victim has cities in areas touched by more than one volcano, the site of the eruption is that that causes the greatest total damage to the primary victim and any secondary victims. In the event of a tie, the primary victim selects the location of the eruption.29.2.1.2 If the primary victim has no cities in any area touched by a volcano, one of his cities is destroyed by an earthquake. One city belonging to another player is reduced. This second city must be in an area adjacent to the destroyed city. As above, the site of the earthquake is that that causes the greatest total damage, with the primary victim breaking any ties.29.2.1.3 If the primary or secondary victim holds Urbanism (30.52) and does not hold Engineering (30.18) four unit points belonging to that player must be removed from any area or areas adjacent to any area or areas affected by the volcanic eruption (29.2.1.1) or earthquake (29.2.1.2).29.2.1.4 If a primary victim of an earthquake (29.2.1.2) holds Engineering (30.18) the city is reduced rather than eliminated. If a volcanic eruption (29.2.1.1) eliminates a city, Engineering will have no effect on the elimination of the city.29.2.1.5 Nessun giocatore che possiede Ingegneria (Engineering, 30.18) pu򠥳sere vittima secondaria di un Terremoto.In the event that there are multiple possible locations, the site of the earthquake is that which causes the greatest total damage.29.2.1.6 Le navi non soffrono nessun effetto dai Vulcani o Terremoti.29.2.1.7 SOLO nella mappa dell'America Centrale: se la vittima primaria ha una cittࠩn un'area toccata da un vulcano, tutti i vulcani sulla mappa eruttano e tutte le unitࠩn qualunque area toccata da un vulcano sono eliminate.29.2.2.1 One city belonging to the victim is replaced by one city belonging to the player who traded him the card. If the trading player has no available cities, the victim's city is eliminated. The player trading the card selects the city.29.2.2.2 Se il Tradimento viene pescato dalla vittima e non viene scambiato, una cittࠡppartenente alla vittima viene ridotta.29.2.2.3 Se la vittima ha la Carta Civilizzazione Diplomazia (Diplomacy, 30.15) il numero di citt࠳ostituite o ridotte 蠡umentato di uno.29.2.3.1 La vittima deve trasferire dieci unitࠤal tesoro al Magazzino.29.3.1.1 The primary victim must remove ten unit points himself, and must instruct other players to remove a total of twenty unit points, no more than eight of which may come from any one player. The primary victim decides how many unit points are removed by each of the secondary victims, but the secondary victims decide what units to remove.29.3.1.2 Una vittima primaria o secondaria che possiede la Carta Civilizzazione Ceramica (Pottery) rimuove cinque punti-unitࠩn meno.29.3.1.3 Una vittima secondaria che possieda Calendario (Calendar, 30.7) rimuove cinque punti-unitࠩn meno.29.3.1.4 A primary victim holding Agriculture (30.3) must also, immediately after the calamity has been resolved, remove the amount of tokens on the board that exceeds the printed population limit on the map (with no regard for Agriculture). This is a one-time penalty. Hence it is better to remove already temporarily overpopulated areas first when resolving the unit point loss.29.3.1.5 I giocatori che possiedono la Carta Civilizzazione Irrigazione (Irrigation, 30.22) non subiscono nessun effetto da questa calamit29.3.2.1 Tre cittࠤella vittima sono ridotte. La vittima sceglie quali citt࠲idurre.29.3.2.2 Se la vittima possiede le Carte Civilizzazione Misticismo (Mysticism, 30.19), Deismo (Deism, 30.12) o Illuminazione (Enlightenment, 30.19) la calamit࠲iduce una cittࠩn meno per ognuna di queste carte in possesso del giocatore.29.3.3.1 La vittima deve ritornare tutte le sue navi in gioco al Magazzino.29.3.3.2 La vittima deve anche trasferire cinque unitࠤal Tesoro al Magazzino.29.3.3.3 I giocatori con la Carta Civilizzazione Astronavigazione (Astronavigation, 30.6) possono mantenere in gioco due navi a loro scelta.29.3.3.4 Players with the Cartography (30.8) advancement may retain two ships of their choice.29.3.3.5 Players with the Masonry (30.24) advancement lose 2 fewer treasury counters to stock.29.3.3.6 Players with the Engineering (30.18) advancement lose 3 fewer treasury counters to stock.29.4.1.1 The victim's civilization is divided into two factions, one faction that will be controlled by the victim and the other that will be controlled by the beneficiary.29.4.1.2 A player is eligible to become beneficiary if there is at most seven areas between an area containing units belonging to the victim and an area containing units belonging to the potential beneficiary. A player with no units on the board is automatically eligible.29.8.1.2 Among the potential beneficiaries, the player with the most unit points in stock is the beneficiary of Civil War. If the victim has the most unit points in stock, or ties with a potential beneficiary for most unit points in stock, this calamity has no effect. If there is a tie between potential beneficiaries the victim decides who will be the beneficiary between the tied players.29.4.1.3.1 La vittima inizia selezionando quindici punti delle sue unit29.4.1.3.2 A victim holding Music (30.35) or Drama and Poetry (30.16) selects an additional five unit points for each of these advancements held.29.4.1.3.3 A victims holding Democracy (30.13) selects an additional ten unit points.29.4.1.3.4 After the victim completes his selection, the beneficiary selects an additional 20 unit points belonging to the victim to complete the first faction.29.4.1.3.5 If the victim holds Philosophy (30.39), the first faction is automatically comprised of fifteen unit points selected by the beneficiary, regardless of any other civilization advancements held by the victim.29.4.1.4 Whatever remains constitutes the second faction. If there is no second faction this calamity has no effect.29.4.1.5 The victim then decides whether he will continue to play the units of the first or second faction.29.4.1.6 If the victim holds Military (30.30), Naval Warfare (30.38), or Advanced Military (30.2) five unit points are removed from each faction for each of these advancements held. The required units are removed after factions are selected by the owner of each faction. Each player must, if possible, remove the required unit points from areas within or adjacent to the other faction.29.4.1.7 The beneficiary then annexes the faction the victim does not retain by replacing the units with his own. If he runs out of units, the remainder is taken over by the next player with the most unit points in stock, and so on. The victim retains his stock, ships, treasury, civilization advancements, and position on the A.S.T.29.4.2.1 This calamity triggers an immediate city support check for the victim. Fifteen tokens may not be used to support his cities during this check. If the victim has less than fifteen tokens on the board, Slave Revolt affects all of these tokens.29.4.2.2 If the victim holds Theocracy (30.47) or Mining (30.31) five additional tokens may not be used for city support for each of these advancements held.29.4.2.3 The Mythology (30.35) and Enlightenment (30.19) advancements each allow five more population to be counted for city support.29.4.2.4 Cities are reduced one at a time, with the newly available tokens being eligible to provide support for the victim's remaining cities.29.4.3.1 One of the Primary Victims cities is destroyed by fire. The Primary Victim must remove one city of their choice and return it to stock.29.4.3.2 There are no Secondary Victims for this calamity.29.4.3.2 Either the Masonry (30.24) or Engineering (30.18) advancement causes the city to be reduced instead of destroyed.29.4.3.2 The victim may, instead of eliminating the city, pay ten treasury tokens. If the victim does not have ten tokens in treasury, he must eliminate a city.29.5.1.1 If the primary victim has vulnerable units on a flood plain (2.3.2), he must remove seventeen unit points from that flood plain. Cities are vulnerable to flood if they have been built in areas with no city site or a white city site. Cities on black city sites are safe. Tokens are always vulnerable to flood.29.5.1.2 If the primary victim has vulnerable units on more than one flood plain, the flood occurs on the flood plain containing the greatest number of his vulnerable unit points. In the event of tie, the primary victim selects the location of the flood.29.5.1.3 Ten vulnerable unit points on the same flood plain belonging to one or more secondary victims are also removed. The primary victim divides the ten unit point losses among the secondary victims as he chooses, but the secondary victims themselves choose which units to remove. If the number of vulnerable unit points on the affected flood plain belonging to other players totals ten or less, all those other players automatically become secondary victims and all their vulnerable units are eliminated.29.5.1.4 If the primary victim has no vulnerable units on a flood plain, one of his coastal cities is eliminated. The primary victim chooses the city. If the primary victim has no coastal cities, he is unaffected by the flood.29.5.1.5 A primary or secondary victim holding Engineering (30.18) removes a maximum of seven unit points from a flood plain. If a primary victim holding Engineering has no units on a flood plain, one of his coastal cities is reduced rather than eliminated.29.5.2.1 The player who traded Barbarian Hordes to the victim is the controller of the barbarians. If Barbarian Hordes was drawn by the victim and not traded, the player with the least amount of cities (even if it is the victim) is the controller.29.5.2.2 Barbarian Hordes consists of fifteen barbarian tokens.29.5.2.2.1 If the victim holds Politics (30.40) or Provincial Empire (30.42) an additional five barbarian tokens are placed for each of these advancements held.29.5.2.2.2 If the victim holds Monarchy (30.32), five less barbarian tokens are placed.29.5.2.3 The barbarians invade any zero population area, any area adjacent to an empty zero population area, any area containing barbarian tokens, any area adjacent to an area containing only barbarian tokens, or any area adjacent to the map edge. If possible, the barbarians invade an area containing a city owned by the victim. If that's not possible, they invade an area containing tokens owned by the victim. If no legal area, as specified above, contains any cities or tokens owned by the victim, the remaining barbarians tokens are eliminated.29.5.2.3.1 Immediately after invasion, conflict is resolved between the newly placed barbarians and any units, including those of civilizations other than the victim, in the area occupied by the barbarians.29.5.2.3.2 Once conflict arising out of their initial placement is resolved, all surviving Barbarians in excess of the population limit of the area of initial placement move to the adjacent area which will result in the greatest damage to the primary victim. Conflict is again resolved.29.5.2.3.3 This process is repeated until there are no surplus Barbarian tokens. At the end of the calamity phase, surviving Barbarian tokens may not exceed the population limits of the areas they occupy.29.5.2.3.4 Barbarians always move as a unit, other than when they leave tokens in areas they have already occupied. Barbarians may move across water boundaries, but not across open sea areas.29.5.2.3.5 The movement of Barbarians is governed by the principle that they always move into the area which causes the greatest immediate damage to the primary victim. No calculation is made as to whether the overall damage to the primary victim would be greater if the Barbarians went into one area as opposed to another, as the determination of greatest damage is made for each Barbarian movement in turn.Barbarians must enter areas occupied solely by cities or tokens belonging to the primary victim, provided they can inflict damage on the primary victim by entering such areas. If they are unable to move into such an area, they may enter empty areas or areas occupied by units belonging to other nations in order to reach the nearest area in which they can inflict damage on the primary victim.29.5.2.3.6 The barbarian controller has sole authority as to which cities or units to attack, provided he follows the above rules.29.5.2.3.7 Barbarian tokens do not benefit from any of the attributes of their controlling player.29.5.2.3.8 If barbarians eliminate a city, no trade card is drawn from the victim, nor does pillage occur.29.5.2.3.9 All movement involving Barbarians is completed during the Calamity Resolution phase, prior to the resolution of any other calamities. Once the Barbarians have stopped moving, they remain on the board until eliminated in combat. Barbarians do not increase their population and may not be selected as secondary victims of calamities.29.5.3.1 The victim must reduce one city of his choice.29.5.3.2 The victim must also return five treasury tokens to stock.29.5.3.3 There are no Secondary Victims for this calamity.29.5.3.4 When the Primary Victim has Law (30.23), the city is not reduced.29.6.1.1 A Cyclone will occur in an open sea area and affect all adjacent coastal areas. The open sea area that will affect the most of the primary victim's cities must be chosen. The primary victim breaks any ties.29.6.1.2 If the primary victim has no cities vulnerable to Cyclone, this calamity has no effect.29.6.1.3 The primary victim must reduce three of his coastal cities exposed to the Cyclone. All other players must each reduce two of their coastal cities exposed to the Cyclone. All ships in coastal areas affected by the Cyclone are returned to stock.29.6.1.4 Una vittima primaria o secondaria che abbia la Muratura ridurr࠵na cittࠩn meno.29.6.1.5 A primary or secondary victim holding Engineering (30.18) reduces two fewer cities.29.6.1.6 A primary or secondary victim holding Trade Empire (30.49) reduces one additional city.29.6.2.1 The primary victim must remove sixteen unit points himself, and must instruct other players to remove a total of twenty five unit points, no more than ten of which may come from any one player. The primary victim decides how many unit points are removed by each of the secondary victims, but the secondary victims decide what units to remove. The player who traded Epidemic to the primary victim may not be selected as a secondary victim.29.6.2.2 A primary or secondary victim removing tokens as a result of an Epidemic must leave at least one of his tokens in each affected area. Cities must be reduced to at least one token, not eliminated. If a victim can't remove enough unit points without removing his last token in an area, Epidemic affects all unit points but one of his tokens in every area.29.6.2.3 A primary victim holding Medicine (30.28) or Anatomy (30.4) removes eight less unit points for each of these advancements held. A secondary victim holding Medicine or Anatomy removes five less unit points for each of these advancements held.29.6.2.4 A primary or secondary victim holding Roadbuilding (30.45) or Trade Empire (30.49) removes additional five unit points for each of these advancements held.29.6.3.1 The victim must remove five unit points from coastal areas.29.6.3.2 All of the victim's ships are returned to stock.29.6.3.3 This calamity has no effect on players with Diaspora (30.14) advancement.29.6.3.4 There are no Secondary Victims for this calamity.29.7.1.1 The must immediately discard ten points worth of commodity cards (face value, not set value) of his choice. These cards are shuffled back into the appropriate decks at the end of the Return of Excess Commodity Cards phase (27.3).29.7.1.2 If the victim holds Coinage (30.10) five extra points of commodity cards are discarded.29.7.1.3 If the victim holds Law (30.23) five less points of commodity cards are discarded.29.7.2.1 All but three of the victim's cities are reduced. The victim chooses which cities are reduced.29.7.2.2 If the victim holds Music (30.35), Drama and Poetry (30.16), Law (30.23), or Democracy (30.13) one less city is reduced for each of these advancements held.29.7.2.3 If the victim holds Military (30.30), Naval Warfare (30.38), Roadbuilding (30.45) or Advanced Military (30.2) one additional city is reduced for each of these advancements held.29.7.3.1 The victim must remove all tokens from two areas that are adjacent by land to each other. Both areas must contain at least one token belonging to the primary victim and must not contain a city. The victim chooses which two adjacent areas will be depopulated.29.7.3.2 If no two such areas exist, then this calamity has no effect.29.8.1.1 A player is eligible to become beneficiary if his civilization is adjacent by land to the victim's civilization. In case there would otherwise be no eligible players, a player is eligible if there is at most seven areas between an area containing units belonging to the victim and an area containing units belonging to him/her. A player with no units on the board is always eligible, and the victim is never eligible.29.8.1.2 Among the potential beneficiaries, the player with the most unit points in stock is the beneficiary of Tyranny. If the victim has the most unit points in stock, or ties with a potential beneficiary for most unit points in stock, this calamity has no effect. If there is a tie between potential beneficiaries, AST order is used.29.8.1.3 The beneficiary must then annex a number of the victim's unit points equal to twice the number of cities owned by the victim by replacing the units with tokens from stock. These unit points must be annexed from areas within or adjacent (by land or water) to the beneficiary's civilization, if possible. Each area is annexed in turn, with units previously annexed being used in this determination. An area may only be partially annexed if it is not possible to annex all units in that area, and even then the beneficiary must annex as many unit points in the area as possible.29.8.1.4 If the victim holds Sculpture (30.46), five less unit points are annexed by the beneficiary.29.8.1.4 The Military (30.30) and Advanced Military (30.2) advancements each cause five fewer unit points to be lost to the beneficiary.The Democracy advancement (30.13) causes ten fewer unit points to be lost to the beneficiary.29.8.1.6 If the victim holds Monarchy (30.30), Theocracy (30.47) or Provincial Empire (30.42), five additional unit points are annexed by the beneficiary for each of these advancements held.29.8.1.6 If the beneficiary does not have enough units to make any more annexations the calamity is over. Cities cannot be reduced to allow the beneficiary to annex more territories. Though unlikely,this could mean the beneficiary is unable to acquire a single area.29.8.1.7 If at any time during the resolution of this calamity the beneficiary has no units adjacent to the victim (or is otherwise unable to annex the victim's units), the beneficiary resumes annexing the victim's units at any location.29.8.2.1 The primary victim must reduce four cities himself, and must instruct (an)other player(s) to reduce a total of two cities. The primary victim decides how many cities are reduced by each of the secondary victims, but the secondary victims decide what cities to reduce. The player who traded Iconoclasm and Heresy to the primary victim may not be selected as a secondary victim.29.8.2.2 A primary or Secondary Victim with the Theocracy (30.45) advancement may return any one commodity trade card from their hand for each city to be spared instead of reducing a city. This is limited only by the number of commodity cards a player has. These cards are shuffled back into the appropriate decks at the end of the Return of Excess Commodity Cards phase (27.3).29.8.2.3 A primary or secondary victim holding Philosophy (30.39) reduces one less city.29.8.2.4 A primary or secondary victim holding Theology (30.48) reduces three less cities.29.8.2.5 A primary or secondary victim holding Monotheism (30.33) reduces one additional city.29.8.3.1 The Primary Victim must return either a treasury or population counter to stock for each city they have in play.29.8.3.2 The Military and Advanced Military advancements reduce the payment requirement of this calamity by five for each advancement acquired.29.9.1.1 The victim must move his A.S.T. marker one step backwards. This does not affect the normal movement of the succession marker during the Movement of Succession Markers phase (28)29.9.1.2 A victim holding Fundamentalism (30.20) moves his A.S.T. marker back one additional step.29.9.1.3 A victim holding Library (30.24) moves his A.S.T. marker back one less step.29.9.2.1 Two of the primary victim's coastal cities are replaced by white pirate cities. The player who traded Piracy to the primary victim selects what cities are replaced.29.9.2.2 Two coastal cities belonging to two different players are also replaced by pirate cities. The primary victim selects what cities are replaced. The player who traded Piracy to the primary victim may not be selected as a secondary victim.29.9.2.3 If the primary or secondary victim holds Cartography (30.8) one additional city is replaced.29.9.2.4 If the primary or secondary victim holds Naval Warfare (30.38) one less city is replaced.29.9.2.5 Pirate cities do not require city support, and remain on the board until attacked and destroyed. Pirate cities may not be selected as secondary victims of calamities. When a pirate city is attacked, it is replaced by white tokens solely for the purpose of resolving combat. After combat is resolved, any surviving pirate tokens are eliminated. When a pirate city is destroyed, the attacker may pillage the city.29.9.3.1 The victim must select one or more commodity cards of his choice with a total face value of at least one point per city owned. The selected cards are to be given to the player who traded Banditry to the victim.29.9.3.2 If Banditry was drawn by the victim and not traded he must discard the selected cards instead. The cards are shuffled back into the appropriate decks at the end of the Return of Excess Commodity Cards phase (27.3).The Theology (30.48) and Law (30.23) advancements cause 5 fewer face value points to be removed for each.30. Civilization Advancements30.1 The groups, cost and credits associated with the various civilization advancements are described below. Short summaries of all attributes of the advancements are also provided. Details of how these attributes work are found in The Phases (IV) and Calamities (29). These attributes are also summarized on the civilization advancement cards and on the civilization advancements quick charts.30.2.1 Provides 10 Civic credits and 5 Science credits.30.2.2 A holder may use tokens from areas adjacent by land as casualties in battle, but must leave at least one token in each area used this way (18.2.4).30.2.3 Five unit points from both factions are destroyed due to Civil War (29.4.1.6).30.2.4 One additional city is reduced due to Civil Disorder(29.7.2.3).30.2.5 Nullifies Cultural Ascendancy (17.4.2).30.2.6 Cinque punti unitࠩn meno vanno al beneficiario della Tirannia (29.8.1.4)30.3.1 Provides 10 Craft credits and 5 Science credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Democracy.30.3.2 Increases by one the population limit in areas containing tokens belonging to a single holder only (20.1.2).30.3.3 Indirectly lessens the effects of city reduction (21.2).30.3.4 Does not work for the primary victim during the resolution of Famine (29.3.1.4).30.4.1 Provides 10 Science credits and 5 Craft credits.30.4.2 Upon purchase, a holder may immediately acquire up to two science (or dual-science) advancements with a face value of less than 100 points each. The purchaser may choose not to use this ability, or only use it partially to acquire a single advancement. If the purchaser does not have two different eligible advancements available to acquire, he will only be able to acquire any eligible advancements that are available.30.4.3 Eight less unit points are lost by a primary victim of Epidemic and five less unit points are lost by a secondary victim of Epidemic (29.6.2.3).30.5.1 Provides 10 Art credits and 5 Science credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Mining.30.5.2 Once per turn, up to half of the cost of constructing a city may be paid by treasury tokens (19.3).30.6.1 Provides 10 Science credits and 5 Religion credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Calendar.30.6.2 Allows a holder's ships to move through open sea areas (17.5.1).30.7.1 Provides 10 Science credits and 5 Civic credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Public Works.30.7.2 Cinque unitࠩn meno sono perse da una vittima secondaria di Carestia (29.3.1.3)30.8.1 Provides 10 Science credits and 5 Art credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Library.30.8.2 A holder may buy cards from the second trade card stack for seven treasury tokens per card (22.5.4).30.8.3 A holder may buy cards from the seventh trade card stack for fifteen treasury tokens per card (22.5.4).Two ships of the owner's choice may be retained due to Tempest.30.8.4 One additional city is replaced due to Piracy (29.9.2.3) as either a primary or secondary victim.30.9.1 Provides 10 Craft credits and 5 Art credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Naval Warfare.30.9.2 Increases a holder's ship movement by one area per ship per turn (17.5.1).30.10.1 Provides 10 Science credits and 5 Civic credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Trade Routes.30.10.2 A holder may increase or decrease his tax rate by one (13.2.2).30.10.3 Five additional commodity card points must be discarded due to Corruption (29.7.1.2).30.11.1 Provides 10 Art credits and 5 Religion credits.30.11.2 Players may not attack a holder's units without holding either Cultural Ascendancy or Advanced Military (17.4.2).30.11.3 Nullifies Politics (25.5).30.11.4 A holder's cities require one additional token to support (21.1.1).30.12.1 Provides 10 Religion credits and 5 Craft credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Fundamentalism.30.13.2 One less city is reduced due to Superstition (29.3.2.2).30.13.1 Provides 10 Civic credits and 5 Art credits.30.13.2 Prevents tax revolts (13.3).30.13.3 The first faction is increased by ten unit points in Civil War (29.4.1.3).30.13.4 One less city is reduced due to Civil Disorder (29.7.2.2).30.14.1 Fornisce 10 crediti di Religione e 5 crediti di Arte.30.14.2 During the Special Abilities Phase (25.2), a holder may place a city or tokens up to the population limit (including Agriculture (30.3) and Irrigation (30.22), if applicable) from stock in an empty area, provided that an unblocked path can be traced to target area.30.14.3 A holder's hand limit of trade cards is reduced by one(27.2.2).30.14.4 Negates the effect of Coastal Migration. (29.6.3)30.15.1 Provides 10 Art credits and 5 Civic credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Provincial Empire.30.15.2 Players may not attack a holder's cities without holding either Diplomacy or Military (17.4.1).30.15.3 One additional city is captured or destroyed due to Treachery (29.2.2.3).30.16.1 Provides 10 Art credits and 5 Religion credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Rhetoric.30.16.2 The first faction is increased by five unit points in Civil War (29.4.1.3).30.16.3 One less city is reduced due to Civil Disorder (29.7.2.3).30.17.1 Provides 5 Craft credits, 10 Science credits, 5 Art credits, 5 Civic credits and 5 Religion credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Medicine.30.18.1 Provides 5 Craft credits and 5 Science credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Roadbuilding.30.18.2 Players require one additional token when attacking a holder's cities, and the defending cities are replaced by one additional token (18.3.5).30.18.3 Al proprietario serve una pedina in meno per attaccare una cittଠe le cittࠤei difensori sono sostituite da una pedina in meno (18.3.5).30.18.4 The city is reduced rather than destroyed due to Earthquake (29.2.1.4).30.18.5 Voids the effects of Urbanism on Volcanic Eruption or Earthquake (29.2.1.3).30.18.6 A maximum of seven unit points from a flood plain are destroyed, or a coastal city is reduced rather than destroyed, due to Flood (29.5.1.5).30.18.7 Two fewer cities are reduced by the Cyclone calamity (29.6.1.5)30.19.1 Provides 10 Religion credits and 5 Craft credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Philosophy.30.19.2 Una cittࠩn meno 蠲idotta a causa della Superstizione (29.3.2.2).30.19.3 Five more tokens can be used for city support during Slave Revolt (29.4.2.3).30.20.1 Provides 10 Religion credits and 5 Art credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Monotheism.30.20.2 Holder's A.S.T. marker is moved back one additional space due to Regression (29.9.1.2).30.20.3 During the Special Abilities Phase (25.3), a holder may destroy all units in one area adjacent by land not containing units belonging to a player holding Fundamentalism or Philosophy. Pirate cities and barbarian tokens may not be destroyed.30.21.1 This advancement provides 10 Craft and 5 Science credits. It also gives 10 credits to the Advanced Military advancement.30.21.2 In conflicts, players without the Iron Working advancement must remove population counters first (18.2.3)30.21.2.1 Example: In a conflict involving 4 players, all with equal population, where:A has both Iron Working and Metal WorkingB has Iron Working (but not Metal Working)C has Metal Working (but not Iron Working)D has neither Iron nor Metal WorkingThe removal order will beD (since they have no advancements)C (all players w/out Iron remove first)B (players w/out Metal remove first, but AFTER the players w/out Iron)A (last, since they have both)Basically, the fact that the player has Iron Working is the first consideration, and the fact that they have Metal Working is the secondary consideration.30.22.1 This advancement provides 10 Craft and 5 Science credits.30.22.2 This advancement increases the population limit by one in areas that the holder alone occupies (20.1.3).30.22.3 The effects of city reduction (21.2) is indirectly lowered.30.22.4 Players with this advancement are immune to the effects of Famine (29.3.1.4).30.23.1 Provides 10 Civic credits and 5 Religion credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Cultural Ascendancy.30.23.2 Five less commodity card points must be discarded due to Corruption (29.7.1.3).30.23.3 One less city is reduced due to Civil Disorder (29.7.2.3).30.23.4 Five fewer face value points are removed due to Banditry (29.9.3).30.24.1 Provides 10 Science credits and 5 Art credits.30.24.2 Discounts the cost of any one civilization advancement by forty points, provided that this advancement is purchased simultaneously with Library.30.24.3 A holder's A.S.T. marker is moved back one less space due to Regression (29.9.1.3).30.25.1 Provides 5 Craft credits, 5 Science credits, 10 Art credits, 10 Civic credits and 5 Religion credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Mathematics.30.26.1 Provides 10 Craft credits and 5 Science credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Engineering.One fewer city is reduced by the Cyclone calamity.Two fewer treasury counters are returned to stock due to the Tempest calamity.A city is reduced instead of destroyed due to the City in Flames calamity.30.27.1 Provides 10 Craft credits, 10 Science credits, 10 Civic credits, 10 Art credits and 10 Religion credits.30.28.1 Provides 10 Science credits and 5 Craft credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Anatomy.30.28.2 Eight less unit points are lost by a primary victim of Epidemic and five less unit points are lost by a secondary victim of Epidemic (29.6.2.3).30.29.1 Provides 10 Craft credits and 5 Science credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Military.30.29.2 In a conflict, a holder removes his first token from the area after all players not holding Metalworking have removed their first token (18.2.3) but before any player holding Iron Working (30.21).30.30.1 Provides 10 Civic credits and 5 Craft credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Advanced Military.30.30.2 A holder constructs and maintains ships (16.1.1), and moves (17.2.1), after all players not holding Military.30.30.3 Five unit points from both factions are destroyed due to Civil War (29.4.1.6).30.30.4 One additional city is reduced due to Civil Disorder(29.7.2.3).30.30.5 Annulla la Diplomazia (17.4.1)30.31.1 Provides 10 Craft credits and 5 Science credits.30.31.2 A holder may buy cards from the sixth trade card stack for thirteen treasury tokens per card (22.5.5).30.31.3 A holder may buy cards from the eighth trade card stack for sixteen treasury tokens per card (22.5.5).30.31.4 Five additional tokens can not be used for city support during Slave Revolt (29.4.2.2).30.31.5 Treasury tokens are worth two points when buying civilization advancements (26.4.2).30.32.1 Provides 10 Civic credits and 5 Religion credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Law.30.32.2 A holder may increase his tax rate by one (13.2.1).30.32.3 Five less barbarian tokens are used in Barbarian Hordes(29.5.2.2).30.32.4 Five additional unit points are annexed due to Tyranny(29.8.1.5).30.33.1 Provides 10 Religion credits and 5 Civic credits.30.33.2 One additional city is reduced due to Iconoclasm and Heresy (29.8.2.5).30.33.3 During the Special Abilities Phase (25.4), a holder may replace from stock exactly all units in one area adjacent by land belonging to a player not holding Monotheism or Theology. Pirate cities and barbarian tokens may not be converted.30.34.1 Provides 5 Craft credits and 5 Religion credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Wonder of the World.30.34.2 Upon purchase, a holder acquires ten points of credit tokens in any combination of colors. These credits can not be used during the same turn.30.35.1 Provides 10 Art credits and 5 Religion credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Enlightenment.30.35.2 The first faction is increased by five unit points in Civil War (29.4.1.3).30.35.3 One less city is reduced due to Civil Disorder (29.7.2.2).30.36.1 Provides 5 Art credits and 5 Religion credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Monument.30.36.2 One less city is reduced due to Superstition (29.3.2.2).30.37.1 Provides 10 Religion credits and 5 Art credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Literacy.30.37.2 Five more tokens can be used for city support during Slave Revolt (29.4.2.3).30.38.1 Provides 10 Civic credits and 5 Craft credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Diaspora.30.38.2 A holder's ships may carry one additional token (17.5.2).30.38.3 A holder may use ships instead of tokens as casualties in conflict (18.2.5).30.38.4 Five unit points from both factions are destroyed due to Civil War (29.4.1.6).30.38.5 One additional city is reduced due to Civil Disorder(29.7.2.3).30.38.6 One less city is replaced due to Piracy (29.9.2.4).30.39.1 Provides 5 Science credits, and 5 Religion credits.30.39.2 The first faction in Civil War always consists of fifteen unit points chosen by the beneficiary, regardless of any other civilization advancements (29.4.1.3).30.39.3 One less city is reduced due to Iconoclasm and Heresy(29.8.2.3).30.39.4 Annula il Fondamentalismo (25.3).30.40.1 Provides 10 Art credits and 5 Religion credits.30.40.2 Five additional barbarian tokens are used in Barbarian Hordes (29.5.2.2).30.40.3 During the Special Abilities Phase (25.5), a holder may either replace from treasury exactly all units in one adjacent area belonging to a player not holding Politics or Cultural Ascendancy, or gain five treasury tokens from stock. Pirate cities and barbarian tokens may not be annexed.30.41.1 Provides 10 Craft credits and 5 Art credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Agriculture.30.41.2 Si perdono cinque punti unità in meno per la carestia (29.3.1.2).30.42.1 Provides 10 Civic credits and 5 Religion credits.30.42.2 Five additional barbarian tokens are used in Barbarian Hordes (29.5.2.2).30.42.3 Five additional unit points are annexed due to Tyranny (29.8.1.5).30.42.4 During the Special Abilities Phase (25.6), a holder may collect one commodity card with a face value of at least two (opponent's choice) from five different adjacent players not holding Provincial Empire or Public Works.30.43.1 Provides 10 Civic credits and 5 Craft credits.30.43.2 A holder's cities cost one additional token to construct (19.4).30.43.3 Each area containing a holder's city may also contain one token (20.1).30.43.4 Nullifies Provincial Empire (25.6).30.44.1 Provides 10 Art credits and 5 Civic credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Politics.30.44.2 A holder may buy cards from the third trade card stack for nine treasury tokens per card (22.5.3).30.45.1 Provides 10 Craft credits and 5 Science credits.30.45.2 Allows token movement through one land area into a second, provided that the first area contains no enemy units (17.3.1).30.45.3 Five additional unit points are destroyed due to Epidemic (29.6.2.4).30.45.4 One additional city is reduced due to Civil Disorder (29.7.2.3).30.46.1 Provides 10 Art credits and 5 Civic credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Architecture.30.46.2 Five less unit points are annexed due to Tyranny (29.8.1.4).30.47.1 Provides 5 Civic credits and 5 Religion credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Universal Doctrine.30.47.2 Cinque ulteriori token non possono essere utilizzati per il supporto delle città durante la Slave Revolt (29.4.2.2).30.47.3 A holder may discard any one commodity card for each city to be spared instead of reducing a city due to Iconoclasm and Heresy (29.8.2.2). These cards are shuffled back into the appropriate decks at the end of the Return of Excess Commodity Cards phase (27.3)30.48.1 Provides 10 Religion credits and 5 Science credits.30.48.2 Three less cities are reduced due to Iconoclasm and Heresy (29.8.2.4).30.48.3 Annulla Monoteismo (25.4).30.49.1 Provides 10 Craft credits and 5 Civic credits.30.49.2 One additional city is reduced due to Cyclone (29.6.1.6).30.49.3 Five additional unit points are destroyed due to Epidemic (29.6.2.4).30.49.4 During the Special Abilities Phase (25.7), a holder may ask, in turn, up to three players not holding Trade Empire or Wonder of the World for a single named commodity card. If the player asked holds that card, the holder collects it and may not ask anyone else for it this turn.30.50.1 Provides 10 Craft credits and 5 Religion credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Trade Empire.30.50.2 During the Return of Excess Commodity Cards phase (27.1), a holder may exchange commodity cards for treasury tokens at twice the face value.30.50.3 A holder's hand limit of trade cards is increased by one (27.2.1).30.51.1 Provides 10 Religion credits and 5 Civic credits. Provides 20 extra credits to Theology.30.51.2 One additional city is reduced due to Superstition (29.3.2.3).30.51.3 During the Special Abilities Phase (25.8), a holder may replace from stock up to five pirate or barbarian units in one area, provided that an unblocked path can be traced to target area.30.52.1 Provides 10 Civic credits and 5 Science credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Diplomacy.30.52.2 A holder may use up to four tokens from adjacent areas by land to build a city in an area without a city site (19.5).30.52.3 Four unit points are destroyed from areas adjacent to the destroyed or reduced city due to Volcanic Eruption or Earthquake (29.2.1.3).30.52.4 A player may build as many cities with Urbanaism as they can each turn. They are limited only by the number of tokens on the board.30.53.1 Provides 5 Craft credits and 5 Art credits.30.53.2 Upon purchase, a holder acquires twenty points of credit tokens in any combination of colors. These credits can not be used during the same turn.30.53.3 Nullifies Trade Empire (25.7).30.54.1 Provides 5 Science credits, and 5 Civic credits. Provides 10 extra credits to Cartography.30.54.2 Upon purchase, a holder acquires five points of credit tokens of any one color. These credits can not be used during the same turn.34. LA FINE DEL GIOCO35. DETERMINARE IL VINCITORE34.1 The game ends when either of the following conditions is met:* Almeno un giocatore muove il suo segnalino sull'ultima posizione della T.S.A.. Il passaggio al quadrato finale costituisce l'ultimo passo lungo la AST. Il giocatore che per primo raggiunge la posizione finale della T.S.A. non vince necessariamente la partita.* Un limite di tempo predeterminato viene raggiunto.34.2 Because of the length of time required to move to the end of the A.S.T., games will often end when a time limit is reached. In the interest of fairness, this time limit should be set before the game starts. Players must complete the final turn before determining the winner.35.1 The winner is determined by adding the value of the following:A. A.S.T. position: 5 points for each space.B. Avanzamenti della Civilt* 1 punto per ogni avanzamento con un valore nominale inferiore a 100.C. Cities: 1 point for each city on the board.35.2 The player with the highest point value is the winner. This will not necessarily be the player with the largest amount of civilization advancements or the player who is furthest along the A.S.T., although both are important sources of victory points. If two or more players have the same number of points, ties are broken by wealth (the sum of the set value of any commodity cards held as well as treasury tokens).Pdf ScaricabiliVariante mappa America CentralePlaying the Central American variant of the Civilization game is pretty easy. Use the rules for the Dawn of History game or the Civ Expansion Project and the Scenario guidelines that go with it. They are both a free PDF download from www.ahgeneral.org. Here are some modifications that you will want to use for this variant:1. I Conquistatori in questa variante rimpiazzano i Barbari/Pirati dell'originale gioco Albori della Storia. Hanno alcuni vantaggi addizionali di gioco rispetto agli originali Barbari/Pirati. I Conquistatori hanno i seguenti avanzamenti - Fondamentalismo, Monoteismo, Militari, Militari Esperti, Guerra Navale, Navigazione, Navigazione Astronomica, Architettura, Diplomazia, Agricoltura, Lavorazione del Ferro, Costruzione Strade ed Ingegneria.2. Le unitࠃonquistador non sono gestite fino a quando la carta calamitࠃonquistador non viene pescata e scambiata. Dopo di che il giocatore Conquistador espande la sua popolazione come fanno i normali giocatori, ma non riscuotono le tasse. Il giocatore che ha pescato la carta li controlla ad ogni turno fino a quando la carta non viene pescata di nuovo. Ogni cittࠤel Conquistador pu򠰲odurre una nave o due segnalini popolazione all'inizio della fase delle abilit࠳peciali. Si muovono e risolvono i conflitti dopo che tutti gli altri giocatori hanno usato le loro abilit࠳peciali.3. For each city the Conquistador player has, a random trade card is drawn from a players hand. Starting with the player with the most cities. The Conquistador player draws last before trading begins. No player may lose more than one trade card to the Conquistador each turn. The player controlling the Conquistadors is exempt from this draw.4. Trade cards acquired by the Conquistador player are hoarded to a maximum of eight cards, and the lowest cards in excess of eight are discarded at the end of the Purchase Advancement Card phase and returned to their appropriate trade card stacks with the other trade cards being returned. All players may see the hoarded cards at that time.5. Players that reduce a Conquistador city may draw one of these hoarded cards at random. When no cards are available, they may select a card from the top of any trade card stack they wish. If a calamity card is drawn, it may be discarded or held and traded later, unless it is a non-tradeable card.6. Calamities drawn by the Conquistador player are discarded and returned to the bottom of their appropriate trade card stacks at the end of the turn.7. Conflicts where Conquistador units can eliminate a player's city may be averted by surrendering a Gold trade card to the Conquistador player. Six Conquistador population units are removed to stock and the Gold trade card is hoarded. The remaining Conquistador units may continue to another area for conflict.8. The Volcanic Eruption or Earthquake calamity is handled differently. ALL areas with volcano's the primary victim has units in are activated, and cause damage to primary and secondary victims.9. When using the optional Tools and Slaves trade cards, a player may avoid the primary effects of any calamity by "sacrificing" a single Slave trade card - returning it to its trade card stack. The Conquistador calamity card cannot be avoided this way. Secondary effects are still in play for the calamity that was avoided.10. Quando si utilizza il manuale degli scenari, anzich頵tilizzare come misura per la mappa 4,25 pollici a giocatore, utilizzare invece 4 pollici.11. Un mazzo di nuove carte di commercio 蠵tilizzato per la mappa Central America (America Centrale). Il numero di carte per ogni tipo di risorse 蠳critto tra parentesi.Beans(7), Maize(8), Potatoes(8)Miele (8), Zucca (8), Turchia (7)Ceramica(8), Cacao(8), Sale(9)Cotton(7), Limestone(8), Vanilla(8)Fabric(7), Hematite(6), Serpentine(6)Copper(6), Feathers(6), Silver(5)Giada(5), Pirite(6), Conchiglie(6)Gemme(5), Marmo(4), Ossidiana(4)Gold(5), Pearls(4), Turquoise(4)This nine player variant is essentially the same as the updated Dawn of History board game - an expansion of Avalon Hill's Advanced Civilization. Which was itself, an expansion on the original 1981 game Civilization. This variant uses a different map, and some minor rules changes.This map has the same number of areas, city sites, and population totals as Avalon Hills original map (with the Western Expansion). Some of the flood plains have been added arbitrarily, and do not reflect actual geography. This was done for playability. The same can be said for the starting locations for several of the civilizations. Using historical starting locations would have resulted in a blood bath in the Mexican highlands due to the concentration of civilizations there.The trade cards reflect many of the trade goods actually used in Central America. The design on the backs of the cards is Mayan, and represents the following things:The Earth Monster (God) at the bottom of the image, has the symbol for the sun on his forehead. The Corn God grows from the earth, his ears of corn are the faces of men. The corn God created man. Atop the Corn God is the Quetzal bird, and in its mouth is a snake - providing a reference to the Feathered Serpent Quetzalcoatl. The green feathers from the Quetzal bird were used in the headdress of Mayan kings.Some of the images used on the game's counters are actually related to the civilization they represent, most are arbitrary. The Olmec and Maya influenced many other civilizations with their gods and calender system. This is after all a game, and historical accuracy had to be sacrificed for several aspects of the game to make it more play balanced.Many will argue that the Advancements used in the Dawn of History game should not all be used in this variant. That is subjective, and it really doesn't matter. All of the Advancements that the Central American civilizations achieved are present in the list available. They did have a much later start than their European counterparts, and with the introduction of the Conquistadors, their growth was stunted.The map and areas are slightly smaller than other editions of the game, but there is ample room for all nine players pieces on the board. Each area's name is based on an actual city state located there, in some cases there were none and local geographic names were used instead. Not all actual cities have city sites. In keeping with the original game's numbers, there were simply not enough to go around. Players will note that there are not enough city sites for each player to have nine cities. This was the case with the original map and conflicts will occur.People have discussed a variant like this for many years. Creating it was simply a matter of taking the time to collect and create the artwork. Much of the art for the game pieces was taken from 18th century books that are now in the public domain. Our thanks to Google Books for putting them on the internet for free download. There was also some discussion about including China as a variant, but this current effort has exhausted my interest in new material for this old classic. Any additional work will have to be undertaken by someone else.I hope that you enjoy this variant. It is actually a full size game with a new map and updated rules, so there should be a lot of enjoyment had with it. You are welcome to contact me at either or with questions or comments on this game. Thank you for playing it, I think you will like it.(rol) Civ Codice di Hammurabi1) I giocatori si dovrebbero comportare in maniera amichevole nei confronti degli altri giocatori.2.) Non saranno tollerati la maleducazione, l'eccessiva volgaritࠥ i comportamenti che umilino gli altri giocatori. Questo include gli insulti relativi al sesso, all'etnia, all'orientamento sessuale, alla religione o alla cultura di appartenenza.3.) Players should only join a game if they expect to finish it. While life sometimes makes it impossible to continue playing, quitting games just because you can't win or because another player upset you is considered bad sportsmanship.4.) While (rol) Civ does allow players to set their game time availability to take into account work, school, sleep, etc. players should respect the game time limits established by the game creator. Players who can only check the site once a day, for example, should consider sticking to games that have a 24 hour or greater time limit.5.) Players should not abuse the game pause feature. Pausing games should be done only when players know that they will have limited or no internet connection (vacation, family emergency, etc) or when site issues prevent you from completing your turn. Using Pauses to excessively manipulate or bypass game time limits is a violation of this code of conduct.6.) Se un giocatore ritiene di non poter concludere una partita, ci si aspetta che abbandoni la partita per permettere ad un sostituto di rimpiazzarlo. Restare in una partita che non si intende concludere rovina l'esperienza di gioco degli altri giocatori.8.) Players should not create multiple user IDs for the purpose of playing as two or more civilizations in the same game.9.) All that said, aggressive play that is within the rules of the game is allowed. Forming alliances to attack the leader, promising to trade three cards but then sending two cards and a calamity, etc, are not forbidden by the rules. Although such behavior may not win you friends, if you've violated no game rule, your actions will not be considered a violation of the game code of conduct. Players who feel they've been taken advantage of should suck it up, consider it a lesson learned and figure out how to exact their revenge within the rules of the game.10). Se un giocatore ha ragione di credere che un altro giocatore abbia violato una di queste regole, pu򠣯ntattare un amministratore del sito. L'amministratore del sito decide a sua discrezione come comportarsi con il giocatore colpevole. I giocatori possono essere bannati dal sito quando le loro azioni siano considerate una grave violazione di una di queste regole.